FRUIT AND NUT CHEMICAL USAGE SURVEY METHODOLOGY
Primary data used in making chemical use estimates were
obtained from a probability survey conducted in the fall of 1995.
Florida fruit producers were stratified by size of operation and also
by type of fruit produced. Larger operations had an increased
chance of being selected for the survey.
Enumeration was by personal interview. A sample of 500 fruit
producers was contacted during the enumeration period. A full year
of chemical application data was collected dealing with the 1994-95
crop year. Data were collected for bearing acres only.
A thorough review compared reported data with manufac turer's label recommendations and with data from other fruit producers. Following this review, product information was con verted to an active ingredient level. The chemical usage reported in this publication consists of survey estimates of those active ingredients.
On a nation-wide scale, 10 States conducted Chemical Use
surveys. Each of the 10 States focused on the major fruit crops
grown in that State. In Florida, the crops surveyed were oranges,
grapefruit, tangerines, tangelos, temples, avocados, and limes.
FLORIDA SUMMARY
As depicted in the graph below, herbicides were used on more
acres in 1995 than any other class of pesticide. Herbicides were
used on 96.7 percent of the 746,300 bearing acres of citrus in
Florida. Insecticides were used on 95.9 percent of the bearing
acres. Fungicides were used on 80.4 percent of the bearing citrus
acreage.
The following tables list, by crop, the area treated, number of applications, rate per acre per application, and rate per crop year per acre for 1991, 1993, and 1995.
| ORANGES: Major Chemical Usage, 1991, 1993, and 1995 Florida | ||||||||||||
| Chemical | 1991 (420,900 acres) | 1993 (489,200 acres) | 1995 (562,800 acres) | |||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate
per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate
per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | ||||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 98 | 5 .7 | 37 | 211 | 99 | 4 .7 | 44 | 204 | 100 | 5 .0 | 35 | 179 |
| Phosphate | 74 | 5 .7 | 10 | 57 | 68 | 3 .0 | 13 | 38 | 62 | 5 .2 | 8 | 42 |
| Potash | 98 | 5 .5 | 39 | 215 | 99 | 4 .5 | 45 | 200 | 98 | 4 .9 | 37 | 182 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||||
| 2,4-D | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1 | 1 .4 | 0 .11 | 0 .15 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Bromacil | 69 | 2 .1 | 1 .48 | 3 .11 | 50 | 1 .9 | 1 .27 | 2 .44 | 33 | 1 .7 | 1 .18 | 2 .03 |
| Diuron | 68 | 2 .1 | 1 .06 | 2 .25 | 56 | 2 .1 | 1 .15 | 2 .40 | 65 | 1 .7 | 1 .11 | 1 .86 |
| Fluazifop-P-butyl | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 3 | 1 .2 | 0 .26 | 0 .31 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Glyphosate | 68 | 2 .4 | 0 .89 | 2 .17 | 90 | 2 .6 | 1 .07 | 2 .81 | 85 | 2 .5 | 0 .73 | 1 .84 |
| Norflurazon | 16 | 1 .7 | 2 .08 | 3 .63 | 20 | 1 .9 | 1 .99 | 3 .78 | 22 | 1 .6 | 1 .30 | 2 .10 |
| Oryzalin | 4 | 1 .7 | 2 .26 | 3 .87 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 5 | 1 .7 | 1 .34 | 2 .27 |
| Paraquat | 14 | 1 .8 | 0 .48 | 0 .85 | 15 | 1 .4 | 0 .45 | 0 .61 | 7 | 1 .3 | 0 .31 | 0 .41 |
| Simazine | 42 | 1 .4 | 2 .90 | 4 .06 | 20 | 1 .8 | 2 .27 | 4 .11 | 22 | 1 .3 | 1 .90 | 2 .53 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||||
| Abamectin | 41 | 1 .1 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 34 | 1 .1 | 0 .09 | 0 .01 | 49 | 1 .4 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 |
| Aldicarb | 26 | 1 .0 | 2 .65 | 2 .72 | 6 | 1 .2 | 3 .16 | 3 .90 | 10 | 1 .0 | 2 .54 | 2 .54 |
| Azinphos-methyl | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 2 | 1 .1 | 1 .16 | 1 .25 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Bt (Bacillus thur.) | 1/ | 1/ | 2/ | 2/ | 1 | 1 .0 | 2/ | 2/ | 1/ | 1/ | 2/ | 2/ |
| Carbaryl | 2 | 1 .3 | 1 .71 | 2 .24 | 2 | 1 .0 | 3 .08 | 3 .22 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Chlorpyrifos | 17 | 1 .4 | 1 .80 | 2 .45 | 10 | 1 .3 | 1 .42 | 1 .82 | 7 | 1 .6 | 1 .07 | 1 .73 |
| Dicofol | 18 | 1 .5 | 1 .54 | 2 .32 | 9 | 1 .2 | 1 .36 | 1 .70 | 2 | 1 .0 | 1 .93 | 1 .97 |
| Dimethoate | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1 | 1 .1 | 1 .15 | 1 .25 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Ethion | 58 | 1 .4 | 2 .53 | 3 .49 | 53 | 1 .3 | 2 .50 | 3 .20 | 17 | 1 .2 | 2 .42 | 2 .96 |
| Fenbutatin-oxide | 47 | 1 .4 | 0 .98 | 1 .39 | 30 | 1 .1 | 0 .96 | 1 .02 | 7 | 1 .1 | 1 .14 | 1 .29 |
| Formetanate hydro | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1 | 1 .0 | 0 .76 | 0 .78 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Oxythioquinox | 15 | 1 .1 | 0 .63 | 0 .68 | 13 | 1 .1 | 0 .63 | 0 .67 | 4 | 1 .3 | 0 .61 | 0 .79 |
| Petroleum distillate | 66 | 1 .9 | 26 .74 | 51 .77 | 90 | 1 .7 | 35 .55 | 58 .83 | 92 | 1 .9 | 36 .25 | 68 .99 |
| Propargite | 11 | 1 .7 | 1 .19 | 2 .05 | 2 | 1 .0 | 2 .44 | 2 .44 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Sulfur | 15 | 1 .3 | 18 .49 | 24 .78 | 15 | 1 .1 | 9 .96 | 10 .94 | 10 | 1 .3 | 16 .54 | 21 .56 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||||
| Basic copper sulfate | 11 | 1 .9 | 3 .02 | 5 .83 | 30 | 1 .7 | 2 .80 | 4 .63 | 13 | 1 .6 | 3 .26 | 5 .07 |
| Benomyl | 4 | 1 .2 | 0 .94 | 1 .14 | 4 | 1 .1 | 0 .99 | 1 .11 | 6 | 1 .4 | 0 .83 | 1 .15 |
| Copper Ammonium | 9 | 1 .4 | 0 .51 | 0 .73 | 2 | 1 .3 | 2 .12 | 2 .73 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Copper hydroxide | 54 | 1 .8 | 2 .20 | 4 .04 | 39 | 1 .8 | 2 .08 | 3 .76 | 47 | 1 .7 | 2 .18 | 3 .60 |
| Fosetyl-al | 10 | 1 .7 | 2 .88 | 4 .89 | 8 | 1 .1 | 2 .92 | 3 .34 | 3 | 1 .3 | 3 .14 | 4 .22 |
| Metalaxyl | 17 | 2 .1 | 0 .82 | 1 .71 | 9 | 1 .6 | 0 .54 | 0 .89 | 4 | 1 .8 | 0 .38 | 0 .69 |
| Copper Sulfate | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 6 | 1 .4 | 2 .18 | 3 .16 |
| Copper Osychlo.Sul | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 2 | 1 .8 | 4 .18 | 7 .42 |
| 1/ Insufficient reports to publish. 2/ Rate and total applied are not available, amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. | ||||||||||||
| GRAPEFRUIT: Major Chemical Usage, 1991, 1993, and 1995, Florida | ||||||||||||
| Chemical | 1991 (104,200 acres) | 1993 (111,900) | 1995 (127,300) | |||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate
per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate
per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | ||||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 99 | 3 .2 | 48 | 157 | 99 | 4 .3 | 39 | 168 | 98 | 2 .7 | 48 | 132 |
| Phosphate | 84 | 2 .7 | 15 | 42 | 77 | 3 .7 | 14 | 52 | 80 | 2 .2 | 25 | 54 |
| Potash | 99 | 3 .0 | 55 | 168 | 96 | 4 .2 | 42 | 176 | 98 | 2 .6 | 57 | 147 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||||
| Bromacil | 65 | 1 .8 | 1 .82 | 3 .33 | 41 | 2 .0 | 1 .03 | 2 .09 | 18 | 1 .4 | 0 .99 | 1 .38 |
| Diuron | 65 | 2 .0 | 1 .29 | 2 .52 | 46 | 2 .1 | 0 .90 | 1 .90 | 30 | 1 .4 | 0 .90 | 1 .30 |
| Glyphosate | 67 | 2 .0 | 1 .30 | 2 .59 | 93 | 2 .9 | 0 .97 | 2 .76 | 91 | 2 .7 | 0 .86 | 2 .31 |
| Norflurazon | 14 | 1 .6 | 2 .34 | 3 .63 | 11 | 1 .8 | 1 .69 | 3 .04 | 32 | 1 .4 | 1 .76 | 2 .41 |
| Oryzalin | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 4 | 1 .6 | 1 .56 | 2 .49 | 20 | 1 .1 | 1 .81 | 1 .95 |
| Paraquat | 16 | 1 .7 | 0 .42 | 0 .70 | 14 | 1 .3 | 0 .40 | 0 .51 | 2 | 2 .2 | 0 .35 | 0 .75 |
| Simazine | 32 | 1 .5 | 2 .33 | 3 .54 | 21 | 1 .8 | 1 .33 | 2 .35 | 28 | 1 .1 | 2 .15 | 2 .38 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||||
| Abamectin | 60 | 1 .1 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 78 | 1 .1 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 83 | 1 .7 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 |
| Aldicarb | 15 | 1 .0 | 4 .27 | 4 .27 | 5 | 1 .3 | 3 .60 | 4 .66 | 12 | 1 .0 | 2 .58 | 2 .58 |
| Azinphos-methyl | 6 | 1 .0 | 1 .58 | 1 .65 | 9 | 1 .0 | 1 .19 | 1 .19 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Carbaryl | 6 | 1 .0 | 2 .08 | 2 .14 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Chlorpyrifos | 25 | 1 .2 | 1 .89 | 2 .18 | 29 | 1 .1 | 2 .72 | 2 .94 | 18 | 1 .2 | 1 .61 | 1 .89 |
| Dicofol | 13 | 1 .1 | 2 .44 | 2 .73 | 22 | 1 .1 | 1 .29 | 1 .39 | 3 | 1 .0 | 2 .02 | 2 .06 |
| Ethion | 58 | 1 .5 | 2 .64 | 3 .95 | 48 | 1 .3 | 3 .07 | 4 .11 | 40 | 1 .3 | 2 .69 | 3 .45 |
| Fenbutatin-oxide | 66 | 1 .2 | 0 .87 | 1 .08 | 43 | 1 .2 | 0 .90 | 1 .04 | 21 | 1 .0 | 0 .86 | 0 .86 |
| Formetanate hydro. | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 2 | 1 .1 | 1 .17 | 1 .27 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Methidathion | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 2 | 1 .0 | 1 .25 | 1 .25 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Oxythioquinox | 10 | 1 .0 | 0 .67 | 0 .68 | 11 | 1 .1 | 0 .66 | 0 .72 | 3 | 1 .1 | 0 .60 | 0 .64 |
| Petroleum distillate | 83 | 1 .6 | 28 .53 | 45 .54 | 92 | 1 .7 | 34 .30 | 59 .10 | 93 | 2 .7 | 25 .55 | 68 .10 |
| Propargite | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1 | 1 .0 | 2 .44 | 2 .44 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Sulfur | 39 | 1 .6 | 21 .36 | 33 .80 | 27 | 1 .6 | 18 .11 | 28 .62 | 19 | 1 .8 | 17 .31 | 30 .55 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||||
| Basic copper sulfate | 20 | 2 .4 | 3 .33 | 8 .14 | 59 | 2 .6 | 3 .90 | 10 .10 | 9 | 1 .4 | 6 .16 | 8 .90 |
| Benomyl | 17 | 1 .0 | 0 .58 | 0 .61 | 7 | 1 .1 | 1 .00 | 1 .14 | 5 | 1 .1 | 0 .87 | 0 .93 |
| Copper hydroxide | 68 | 2 .7 | 2 .23 | 6 .02 | 57 | 2 .7 | 2 .30 | 6 .32 | 71 | 3 .3 | 3 .08 | 10 .27 |
| Fosetyl-al | 5 | 1 .4 | 3 .15 | 4 .50 | 5 | 1 .1 | 3 .05 | 3 .20 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Metalaxyl | 10 | 1 .9 | 1 .14 | 2 .12 | 3 | 1 .6 | 1 .02 | 1 .59 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Copper Oxychlo.swl | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 18 | 3 .3 | 4 .22 | 14 .10 |
| 1/ Insufficient reports to publish. | ||||||||||||
| TANGELOS: Major Chemical Usage, 1991, 1993, and 1995, Florida | ||||||||||||
| Chemical | 1991 (8,000 acres) | 1993 (10,500 acres) | 1995 (12,400 acres) | |||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate
per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | ||||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 95 | 4 .0 | 53 | 211 | 100 | 5 .3 | 40 | 211 | 99 | 3 .3 | 52 | 170 |
| Phosphate | 68 | 3 .7 | 12 | 45 | 61 | 4 .5 | 9 | 41 | 69 | 2 .5 | 26 | 65 |
| Potash | 95 | 3 .9 | 57 | 222 | 99 | 5 .2 | 39 | 205 | 99 | 3 .1 | 55 | 172 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||||
| Bromacil | 62 | 1 .8 | 1 .62 | 2 .90 | 56 | 2 .1 | 1 .00 | 2 .13 | 18 | 1 .5 | 1 .03 | 1 .57 |
| Diuron | 61 | 2 .0 | 1 .19 | 2 .36 | 58 | 2 .3 | 0 .98 | 2 .26 | 41 | 1 .8 | 0 .96 | 1 .71 |
| Glyphosate | 71 | 2 .4 | 1 .23 | 2 .91 | 86 | 2 .6 | 0 .97 | 2 .50 | 97 | 2 .6 | 0 .81 | 2 .09 |
| Norflurazon | 18 | 2 .3 | 3 .02 | 7 .01 | 5 | 1 .9 | 2 .26 | 4 .34 | 18 | 1 .7 | 1 .16 | 2 .00 |
| Oryzalin | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 4 | 1 .0 | 2 .53 | 2 .55 | 14 | 1 .6 | 1 .59 | 2 .51 |
| Paraquat | 19 | 1 .9 | 0 .39 | 0 .74 | 24 | 1 .3 | 0 .45 | 0 .58 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Simazine | 43 | 1 .9 | 2 .25 | 4 .31 | 18 | 1 .6 | 1 .73 | 2 .77 | 23 | 1 .4 | 1 .84 | 2 .64 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||||
| Abamectin | 52 | 1 .0 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 68 | 1 .2 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 64 | 1 .4 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 |
| Aldicarb | 14 | 1 .0 | 3 .48 | 3 .48 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Chlorpyrifos | 25 | 1 .2 | 2 .31 | 2 .89 | 12 | 1 .2 | 2 .49 | 3 .01 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Dicofol | 15 | 1 .3 | 2 .63 | 3 .35 | 7 | 1 .2 | 1 .38 | 1 .59 | 8 | 1 .0 | 2 .11 | 2 .13 |
| Ethion | 66 | 1 .9 | 2 .77 | 5 .17 | 56 | 1 .2 | 2 .78 | 3 .43 | 32 | 1 .4 | 2 .50 | 3 .42 |
| Fenbutatin-oxide | 47 | 1 .3 | 0 .94 | 1 .25 | 46 | 1 .1 | 0 .93 | 1 .01 | 23 | 1 .0 | 0 .86 | 0 .86 |
| Oxythioquinox | 22 | 1 .1 | 0 .64 | 0 .71 | 22 | 1 .1 | 0 .64 | 0 .73 | 10 | 1 .0 | 0 .64 | 0 .65 |
| Petroleum distillate | 80 | 1 .8 | 34 .10 | 63 .03 | 81 | 2 .1 | 35 .03 | 72 .33 | 93 | 2 .1 | 31 .06 | 65 .29 |
| Sulfur | 27 | 1 .7 | 15 .12 | 25 .33 | 18 | 1 .2 | 9 .35 | 11 .60 | 12 | 1 .5 | 15 .63 | 23 .89 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||||
| Basic copper sulfate | 22 | 2 .6 | 3 .79 | 9 .71 | 39 | 1 .9 | 3 .93 | 7 .50 | 13 | 1 .3 | 4 .39 | 5 .69 |
| Benomyl | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 17 | 1 .2 | 1 .02 | 1 .18 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Copper hydroxide | 54 | 3 .4 | 2 .11 | 7 .23 | 58 | 2 .2 | 2 .40 | 5 .26 | 65 | 2 .6 | 2 .71 | 6 .92 |
| Iprodione | -- | -- | -- | -- | 7 | 2 .2 | 1 .39 | 2 .99 | 6 | 1 .6 | 1 .47 | 2 .32 |
| Copper Sulfate | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 7 | 1 .2 | 2 .18 | 2 .52 |
| Other Chemicals | ||||||||||||
| Gibberellic Acid | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 6 | 1 .1 | 0 .04 | 0 .04 | 8 | 1 .0 | 0 .04 | 0 .04 |
| 1/ Insufficient reports to publish. | ||||||||||||
| LIMES: Major Chemical Usage, 1991, and 1995, Florida 1/ | ||||||||
| Chemical | 1991 (6,200 acres) | 1995 (1,900 acres) | ||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 7 .6 | 79 | 597 | 92 | 2 .9 | 51 | 149 |
| Phosphate | 89 | 3 .7 | 68 | 253 | 61 | 3 .4 | 18 | 61 |
| Potash | 100 | 3 .6 | 137 | 498 | 92 | 2 .9 | 55 | 160 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||
| Abamectin | -- | -- | -- | -- | 26 | 4 .5 | 0 .01 | 0 .03 |
| Ethion | 94 | 3 .0 | 3 .20 | 9 .48 | 42 | 1 .9 | 1 .67 | 3 .24 |
| Petroleum distillate | 95 | 5 .4 | 17 .57 | 94 .77 | 73 | 3 .7 | 19 .99 | 73 .61 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||
| Copper hydroxide | 96 | 4 .4 | 4 .25 | 18 .55 | 96 | 5 .5 | 4 .16 | 22 .88 |
| Ferbam | 60 | 1 .6 | 3 .42 | 5 .62 | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ |
| 1/ Limes were not included in the 1993 survey. 2/ Insufficient reports to publish. | ||||||||
| TANGERINES: Major Chemical Usage, 1991, 1993, and 1995, Florida | ||||||||||||
| Chemical | 1991 (8,700 acres) | 1993 (13,700 acres) | 1995 (20,100 acres) | |||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate
per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate
per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | ||||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 99 | 4 .7 | 41 | 191 | 100 | 4 .2 | 53 | 220 | 98 | 3 .0 | 64 | 191 |
| Phosphate | 76 | 3 .6 | 10 | 35 | 69 | 3 .9 | 12 | 45 | 76 | 2 .5 | 13 | 33 |
| Potash | 99 | 4 .6 | 43 | 196 | 100 | 4 .1 | 55 | 228 | 98 | 2 .9 | 68 | 197 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||||
| Bromacil | 52 | 2 .0 | 1 .59 | 3 .12 | 58 | 2 .0 | 1 .12 | 2 .22 | 21 | 1 .4 | 0 .91 | 1 .29 |
| Diuron | 52 | 2 .2 | 1 .23 | 2 .75 | 60 | 2 .2 | 0 .97 | 2 .18 | 44 | 1 .5 | 1 .13 | 1 .67 |
| Glyphosate | 60 | 2 .2 | 1 .10 | 2 .38 | 90 | 2 .5 | 0 .98 | 2 .47 | 82 | 2 .3 | 0 .73 | 1 .63 |
| Norflurazon | 11 | 1 .7 | 2 .74 | 4 .58 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 21 | 1 .9 | 1 .59 | 2 .97 |
| Oryzalin | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 3 | 1 .8 | 1 .95 | 3 .46 | 11 | 1 .5 | 1 .47 | 2 .22 |
| Paraquat | 20 | 1 .6 | 0 .46 | 0 .73 | 14 | 1 .4 | 0 .50 | 0 .70 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Simazine | 39 | 1 .6 | 2 .64 | 4 .15 | 27 | 1 .4 | 2 .04 | 2 .79 | 22 | 1 .3 | 1 .80 | 2 .26 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||||
| Abamectin | 56 | 1 .0 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 82 | 1 .1 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 83 | 1 .6 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 |
| Aldicarb | 9 | 1 .0 | 3 .40 | 3 .40 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Chlorpyrifos | 23 | 1 .2 | 1 .86 | 2 .24 | 15 | 1 .2 | 2 .16 | 2 .65 | 3 | 1 .8 | 1 .77 | 3 .17 |
| Dicofol | 16 | 1 .2 | 2 .30 | 2 .83 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Ethion | 47 | 1 .2 | 2 .58 | 3 .17 | 60 | 1 .1 | 2 .54 | 2 .86 | 17 | 1 .3 | 2 .74 | 3 .61 |
| Fenbutatin-oxide | 63 | 1 .4 | 0 .92 | 1 .26 | 63 | 1 .2 | 0 .99 | 1 .15 | 38 | 1 .3 | 1 .00 | 1 .26 |
| Oxythioquinox | 15 | 1 .0 | 0 .76 | 0 .76 | 29 | 1 .1 | 0 .60 | 0 .65 | 15 | 1 .1 | 0 .70 | 0 .74 |
| Petroleum distillate | 66 | 1 .4 | 31 .99 | 45 .44 | 91 | 1 .6 | 34 .19 | 53 .21 | 81 | 2 .5 | 32 .61 | 82 .37 |
| Sulfur | 19 | 1 .3 | 9 .60 | 12 .12 | 25 | 1 .1 | 13 .53 | 14 .56 | 4 | 1 .3 | 7 .05 | 9 .03 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||||
| Basic copper sulfate | 20 | 2 .4 | 3 .35 | 7 .91 | 20 | 1 .5 | 3 .62 | 5 .59 | 11 | 1 .6 | 4 .00 | 6 .40 |
| Benomyl | 10 | 1 .3 | 0 .66 | 0 .83 | 18 | 1 .0 | 0 .86 | 0 .90 | 10 | 1 .6 | 0 .88 | 1 .43 |
| Copper hydroxide | 45 | 2 .1 | 2 .29 | 4 .89 | 72 | 2 .4 | 2 .48 | 6 .05 | 62 | 2 .2 | 2 .96 | 6 .40 |
| Fosetyl-al | 16 | 1 .4 | 3 .37 | 4 .59 | 13 | 1 .0 | 4 .04 | 4 .20 | 8 | 1 .8 | 3 .57 | 6 .42 |
| Metalaxyl | 11 | 2 .0 | 0 .54 | 1 .10 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 8 | 1 .8 | 1 .57 | 2 .89 |
| Copper Sulfate | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 11 | 1 .7 | 1 .98 | 3 .30 |
| Copper Oxycno.swl | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 5 | 2 .4 | 4 .33 | 10 .37 |
| Other Chemical | ||||||||||||
| Gibberellic Acid | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 5 | 1 .4 | 0 .05 | 0 .07 | 18 | 1 .1 | 0 .04 | 0 .05 |
| 1/ Insufficient reports to publish. | ||||||||||||
| TEMPLES: Major Chemical Usage, 1991, 1993, and 1995, Florida | ||||||||||||
| Chemical | 1991 (7,700 acres) | 1993 (7,300 acres) | 1995 (6,800 acres) | |||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate
per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | ||||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 3 .3 | 58 | 192 | 100 | 3 .6 | 53 | 192 | 100 | 2.5 | 62 | 157 |
| Phosphate | 79 | 2 .4 | 16 | 38 | 80 | 2 .4 | 18 | 44 | 48 | 3.2 | 13 | 40 |
| Potash | 100 | 3 .2 | 61 | 193 | 99 | 3 .3 | 56 | 187 | 95 | 2.4 | 71 | 172 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||||
| Bromacil | 58 | 1 .8 | 1 .47 | 2 .65 | 29 | 1 .6 | 1 .04 | 1 .61 | 11 | 1 .6 | 1 .02 | 1 .62 |
| Diuron | 54 | 2 .0 | 1 .01 | 2 .00 | 31 | 1 .7 | 0 .93 | 1 .55 | 36 | 1 .3 | 1 .44 | 1 .93 |
| Glyphosate | 66 | 2 .2 | 1 .30 | 2 .92 | 92 | 3 .1 | 1 .00 | 3 .07 | 97 | 2 .4 | 0 .78 | 1 .91 |
| Norflurazon | 15 | 1 .7 | 2 .22 | 3 .78 | 8 | 1 .9 | 2 .27 | 4 .34 | 10 | 1 .9 | 1 .64 | 3 .18 |
| Paraquat | 21 | 1 .1 | 0 .52 | 0 .58 | 9 | 1 .2 | 0 .38 | 0 .47 | 2 | 2 .5 | 0 .37 | 0 .93 |
| Simazine | 39 | 1 .5 | 2 .04 | 3 .16 | 36 | 2 .5 | 1 .34 | 3 .28 | 30 | 1 .3 | 2 .16 | 2 .75 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||||
| Abamectin | 56 | 1 .0 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 60 | 1 .1 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 | 70 | 1 .5 | 0 .01 | 0 .01 |
| Aldicarb | 19 | 1 .0 | 4 .0 | 4 .00 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Chlorpyrifos | 32 | 1 .1 | 1 .99 | 2 .09 | 12 | 1 .3 | 2 .18 | 2 .84 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Dicofol | 16 | 1 .1 | 2 .38 | 2 .55 | 22 | 1 .1 | 1 .27 | 1 .36 | 10 | 1 .0 | 1 .84 | 1 .86 |
| Ethion | 57 | 1 .8 | 2 .75 | 4 .89 | 64 | 1 .1 | 2 .92 | 3 .33 | 19 | 1 .3 | 2 .38 | 3 .17 |
| Fenbutatin-oxide | 58 | 1 .3 | 0 .95 | 1 .19 | 27 | 1 .1 | 0 .99 | 1 .09 | 9 | 1 .2 | 0 .93 | 1 .09 |
| Oxythioquinox | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 13 | 1 .4 | 0 .63 | 0 .91 | 15 | 1 .0 | 0 .71 | 0 .71 |
| Petroleum distillate | 81 | 2 .0 | 31 .60 | 62 .77 | 94 | 1 .6 | 34 .39 | 56 .55 | 96 | 2 .0 | 33 .21 | 65 .22 |
| Sulfur | 33 | 1 .6 | 15 .26 | 23 .80 | 16 | 1 .4 | 9 .18 | 13 .18 | 11 | 1 .5 | 15 .03 | 23 .28 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||||
| Basic copper sulfate | 16 | 2 .5 | 2 .97 | 7 .52 | 52 | 2 .0 | 3 .58 | 7 .14 | 20 | 1 .1 | 3 .74 | 4 .26 |
| Benomyl | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 10 | 1 .6 | 0 .94 | 1 .53 | 13 | 1 .1 | 1 .07 | 1 .13 |
| Copper hydroxide | 78 | 2 .2 | 2 .40 | 5 .40 | 43 | 2 .3 | 2 .31 | 5 .21 | 68 | 1 .9 | 2 .01 | 3 .90 |
| Copper Sulfate | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 14 | 2 .5 | 2 .16 | 5 .41 |
| Felbam | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 15 | 1 .0 | 4 .92 | 4 .92 |
| 1/ Insufficient reports to publish. | ||||||||||||
| AVACADOS: Major Chemical Usage, 1991 and 1995, Florida 1/ | ||||||||
| Chemical | 1991 (7,000 acres) | 1995 (5,800 acres) | ||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||
| Nitrogen | 99 | 3 .7 | 86 | 321 | 96 | 3 .0 | 56 | 171 |
| Phosphate | 92 | 2 .6 | 36 | 95 | 80 | 3 .1 | 22 | 68 |
| Potash | 97 | 3 .3 | 98 | 320 | 96 | 3 .0 | 61 | 185 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||
| Glyphosate | 77 | 2 .1 | 0 .83 | 1 .77 | 77 | 3 .9 | 0 .70 | 2 .70 |
| Paraquat | 31 | 2 .9 | 0 .59 | 1 .72 | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ |
| Insecticides | ||||||||
| Permethrin | 40 | 2 .0 | 0 .15 | 0 .30 | 79 | 2 .1 | 0 .21 | 0 .44 |
| Petroleum distilate | 3 | 1 .9 | 16 .89 | 32 .83 | 42 | 2 .0 | 7 .00 | 14 .00 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||
| Benomyl | 25 | 1 .1 | 1 .06 | 1 .15 | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ |
| Copper hydroxide | 80 | 4 .9 | 4 .07 | 20 .13 | 97 | 5 .6 | 5 .24 | 29 .18 |
| 1/ Avacados were not included in the 1993 survey. 2/ Insufficient reports to publish. | ||||||||
| The following is a list of common names of active ingredients presented in this report along with the associated trade name. Florida Field Office does not mean to imply use of any specific trade name. | |
| COMMON NAME | TRADE NAME |
| 2, 4-D | Several |
| Abamectin | Agri-Mek |
| Aldicarb | Temik |
| Azinphos-methyl | Guthion |
| Basic copper sulfate | Top cop, tri-basic |
| Benomyl | Benlate |
| Bromacil | Hyvar |
| Bt (Bacillus thur.) | Several |
| Carbaryl | Sevin, Savit |
| Chlorpyrifos | Lorsban |
| Copper Ammonium | Copper-Count-N |
| Copper hydroxide | Several on the market |
| Dicofol | Kelthane |
| Dimethoate | Several |
| Diuron | Karmex, Direx |
| Ethion | Ethion |
| Fenbutatin-oxide | Vendex |
| Fluazifop-P-butyl | Fusilade |
| Formetanate hydro | Carzol |
| Fosetyl-al | Aliette |
| Gibberellic Acid | Several |
| Glyphosate | Roundup |
| Iprodione | Rovral |
| Metalaxyl | Ridomil |
| Methidathion | Supracide |
| Norflurazon | Solicam |
| Oryzalin | Surflan |
| Oxythioquinox | Morestan |
| Paraquat | Gramoxone |
| Petroleum Distillate | Several on the market |
| Propargite | Comite, Omite |
| Simazine | Princep |
| Sulfur | Several on the market |
California growers treated a lower percentage of acreage
with herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. California treated 92, 86, and 46 percent of its bearing acreage while Florida
treated 98, 96, 77 percent respectively. Glyphosphate was
the most commonly used herbicide. Petroleum distillate and
abamectin were the most frequently used insecticides while
copper hydroxide was the most used fungicide.
GRAPEFRUIT: Nitrogen was applied to about 97 percent of the U.S. bearing grapefruit acres for the 1994-95 crop. California
was lower at 89 percent than Florida with 98 percent.
Phosphate and potash applications followed similar patterns.
The percentage of bearing acres treated in California was 19
and 15 percent while it was 80 and 98 percent in Florida,
respectively.
Pesticides were used less frequently in California than in
Florida. Herbicides were used on 73 percent of California's
bearing acreage compared with 96 percent in Florida.
Insecticides were used on 41 percent of the acreage in
California and 97 percent of the acreage in Florida. California
growers also treated less acreage with fungicides with only 28
percent treated compared with Florida's 95 percent of their
bearing acreage treated with some fungicide.
LIMES: About 92 percent of the Florida lime acres received nitrogen and potash applications while phosphate was used on
61 percent of the Florida crop. Pesticides were applied to
almost all lime acres. Insecticides and fungicides were both
applied to 99 percent of the bearing acreage.
TANGELOS: Virtually all of Florida's tangelo acreage received fertilizer. Nitrogen and potash were applied to 99 percent of
the acreage. Phosphate was applied to 69 percent of the
bearing acreage.
Pesticides were also applied to almost all of the tangelo
acres. Herbicides were most commonly used as 99 percent
of Florida's bearing acreage was sprayed. Insecticides were
also used frequently with 96 percent of the acreage being
treated. Fungicides were applied to 82 percent of the crop
acreage. Only 8 percent of the acreage had applications of
other chemicals.
TANGERINES: Nitrogen applications in California covered 96 percent of the acreage. In Florida, 98 percent of the acreage
was covered. Phosphates were applied to 25 percent of the
California acreage, while 76 percent of the acreage in Florida
received that fertilizer. Potash applications were made to 19
percent of the tangerine crop in California. In Florida, 98
percent of bearing tangerines had potash applied to the land.
Herbicides were applied to over three-fourths of the land in
California while 85 percent of the land received an application
in Florida. Insecticide applications were similar with 74
percent of California's acreage being treated, compared with
98 percent of the Florida acreage. Fungicides were applied to only 33 percent of California's tangerines while 91 percent of
Florida's crop received at least one application of a fungicide.
TEMPLES: Nitrogen was applied on 100 percent of the 1994-95 Florida Temple crop. Phosphate was applied to 48 percent and
potash was applied to 95 percent of the bearing acreage.
Pesticides were also applied to most of the acreage. Insecticides
and herbicides were put on 98 and 99 percent the acres,
respectively. Fungicides went on 97 percent of the crop.
AVOCADOS: Nitrogen fertilizers were used on 96 percent of the acreage while phosphate and potash fertilizers were used on 41
and 50 percent of the acreage, respectively. Herbicide used was
limited to 29 percent of the acreage while insecticides were
applied to 15 percent and fungicides to 9 percent of the acreage.
The most frequently used herbicide was glyphosate. A smaller
percentage of California avocado acreage received herbicides,
insecticides and fungicides than did Florida avocados.
CONCLUSION
The data collection process for this report required fruit
producers to complete a rather lengthy questionnaire. This report
would not have been possible without their cooperation. To each
producer who completed a questionnaire,
This report is abbreviated from the national release. It was prepared to send to producers who participated in the survey in Florida.