VEGETABLE CHEMICAL USE
The USDA Pesticide Data Program funded the survey that
provided the information in this publication. The purpose of the
program is to upgrade the reliability of pesticide use statistics and
the quality of information on pesticide residues in food. Four USDA
agencies administer the program to collect and analyze pesticide
data regarding actual concentration levels in food, beginning with
fresh fruits and vegetables. This data series addresses the in
creased public interest in agricultural chemical use and provides the
means for government agencies to respond effectively to food
safety and water quality issues.
VEGETABLE CHEMICAL USE SURVEY METHODOLOGY
Primary data used in making chemical use estimates were
obtained from a probability survey conducted in the fall of 1996.
Florida vegetable producers were stratified by size of operation and
by type of crop produced. Larger operations had an increased
chance of being selected for the survey. A total of 9 vegetable
crops plus watermelons and strawberries were included as target
crops in the survey. The target crops were: Fresh Snap Beans,
Fresh Cabbage, Carrots, Fresh Sweet Corn, Fresh Cucumbers,
Processing Cucumbers, Egg Plant, Watermelons, Bell Peppers,
Strawberries, and Fresh Tomatoes.
Enumeration was by personal interview. A sample of 523
producers was contacted during the enumeration period. A full year
of chemical application data was collected dealing with the 1995-96
crop year.
A thorough review compared reported data with manufac
turer's label recommendations and with data from other producers.
Following this review, product information was converted to an
active ingredient level. The chemical usage estimates in this
publication consist of survey estimates of those active ingredients.
On a national scale, 13 States conducted Chemical Use
surveys. Each of the 13 States focused on the major vegetable
crops grown in that State.
Tables on the following pages list, by crop, a comparison of
1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996 chemical usage. Because of space
limitations, pesticides used on the highest percentage of acres are
listed for a pesticide class for a particular crop. The totals may not
multiply across due to rounding and acreage revisions. The target
crops changed slightly from 1990 to 1996. In 1996, "other"
lettuce and celery were dropped. Radishes were dropped in 1992
and head lettuce was dropped in 1994. Fertilizer statistics were
dropped in 1996 because of funding limitations but are expected to
be reinstated for the 1998 survey.
The following is a list of common names of active ingredients
presented in this report. Florida Field Office does not mean to imply use of any
specific trade name.
| COMMON NAME | TRADE NAME |
|
Abamectin Acephate Atrazine Benomyl Bt (Bacillus Thur.) Butylate Captan Carbaryl Chloropicrin Chlorothalonil Chlorpyrifos Copper Ammonium Copper Hydroxide DCPA Diazinon Dicofol Dimethoate Endosulfan Esfenvalerate Ethalfluralin Fenamiphos Fenbutatin-oxide Fluazifop-P-butyl Glyphosate Imidacloprid Iprodione Lambdacyhalothrin Linuron Mancozeb Maneb Metalaxyl Methamidophos Methomyl Methyl Bromide Metribuzin Metolachlor Monocarbamide dihy. Naled Napropamide Oxamyl Paraquat Permethrin Phorate Propiconazole Sethoxydim Sulfur Terbufos Thiodicarb Thiophanate-methyl Thiram Trifluralin Vinclozolin |
Agri-Mek, Zephyr, Avid Orthene AAtrex Benlate several Genate, Sutan Captan Sevin, Savit several Bravo Lorsban, Dursban Copper-Count-N several Dacthal several Kelthane several Thiodan Asana Sonalan, Curbit Nemacur Vendex Fusilade Roundup, Ranger, Rattler, Rodeo Scepter Rovral Karate Lorox, Linex several several Ridomil Monitor Lannate several Sencor, Lexone Dual Enquik Dibrom Devrinol Vydate Gramoxone, Cyclone, Starfire Ambush, Pounce Thimet Tilt, Banner, Orbit Poast several Counter Larvin Topsin Thiram Treflan, Trilin, Trific Ronilan |
| SWEET CORN, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (58,500 acres) | 1992 (51,300 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 90 | 1.9 | 56 | 105 | 5,524 | 81 | 3.0 | 41 | 122 | 5,071 |
| Phosphorous | 95 | 1.5 | 87 | 127 | 7,064 | 92 | 1.8 | 56 | 103 | 4,866 |
| Potash | 89 | 1.7 | 120 | 209 | 10,893 | 77 | 2.0 | 105 | 211 | 8,383 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Atrazine | 65 | 1.1 | 1.55 | 1.78 | 67.3 | 64 | 1.4 | 1.19 | 1.70 | 55.3 |
| Butylate | 8 | 1.0 | 4.17 | 4.17 | 20.2 | 13 | 1.3 | 3.76 | 4.70 | 31.2 |
| Metolachlor | 6 | 1.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3.6 | 10 | 1.0 | 1.92 | 1.92 | 9.8 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | 33 | 3.6 | 0.56 | 1.99 | 38.5 | 50 | 4.7 | 0.78 | 3.68 | 94.0 |
| Diazinon | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 25 | 1.4 | 2.31 | 3.28 | 41.7 |
| Phorate | 23 | 1.0 | 1.59 | 1.60 | 21.9 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Methomyl | 90 | 16.5 | 0.29 | 4.79 | 252.8 | 97 | 11.5 | 0.31 | 3.51 | 174.6 |
| Terbufos | 14 | 1.2 | 1.25 | 1.46 | 12.1 | 16 | 2.0 | 0.90 | 1.82 | 15.1 |
| Thiodicarb | 16 | 2.5 | 0.62 | 1.57 | 15.0 | 70 | 6.4 | 0.52 | 3.30 | 119.4 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 5 | 1.5 | 0.86 | 1.33 | 4.1 | 3 | 3.0 | 1.12 | 3.33 | 4.9 |
| Mancozeb | 53 | 6.5 | 0.92 | 5.98 | 186.3 | 53 | 6.5 | 0.93 | 6.05 | 162.9 |
| Maneb | 10 | 1.8 | 1.11 | 2.03 | 11.9 | 14 | 3.2 | 0.83 | 2.68 | 19.4 |
| Propiconazole | 43 | 2.3 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 7.4 | 34 | 2.2 | 0.14 | 0.30 | 5.3 |
| SWEET CORN, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (43,900 acres) | 1996 (43,400 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 90 | 2.3 | 42 | 95 | 3,634 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 97 | 1.5 | 51 | 78 | 3,257 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 100 | 1.9 | 115 | 216 | 9,273 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Atrazine | 81 | 1.2 | 1.31 | 1.57 | 54.7 | 78 | 1.0 | 1.14 | 1.18 | 39.8 |
| Metolachlor | 6 | 1.0 | 2.22 | 2.22 | 5.8 | 24 | 1.0 | 1.44 | 1.44 | 15.2 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | 48 | 2.2 | 0.76 | 1.66 | 33.8 | 55 | 2.4 | 0.72 | 1.75 | 42.0 |
| Lambdacyhalethrin | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 41 | 3.4 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 1.4 |
| Phorate | 36 | 1.3 | 1.09 | 1.37 | 21.0 | 20 | 1.6 | 1.06 | 1.65 | 14.6 |
| Methomyl | 85 | 13.6 | 0.33 | 4.56 | 165.3 | 83 | 8.6 | 0.29 | 2.52 | 90.7 |
| Thiodicarb | 71 | 6.6 | 0.50 | 3.31 | 100.2 | 73 | 6.8 | 0.48 | 3.24 | 103.0 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Mancozeb | 72 | 6.0 | 0.90 | 5.35 | 164.3 | 57 | 3.8 | 0.97 | 3.74 | 93.4 |
| Maneb | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 35 | 2.6 | 0.65 | 1.69 | 25.4 |
| Propiconazole | 61 | 1.9 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 7.9 | 58 | 2.6 | 0.13 | 0.32 | 8.2 |
| * Footnotes are explained on the last page. | ||||||||||
| TOMATOES, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (55,000 acres) | 1992 (51,500 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 3 .1 | 73 | 223 | 12,215 | 100 | 2 .1 | 89 | 187 | 9,203 |
| Phosphorous | 97 | 1 .9 | 108 | 205 | 10,951 | 76 | 1 .6 | 68 | 110 | 4,142 |
| Potash | 100 | 3 .0 | 127 | 385 | 21,118 | 100 | 2 .1 | 145 | 306 | 15,072 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Metribuzin | 55 | 1 .2 | 0.46 | 0.58 | 17.5 | 59 | 1 .0 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 13.9 |
| Paraquat | 77 | 1 .9 | 0.54 | 1.01 | 42.4 | 95 | 1 .5 | 0.46 | 0.70 | 33.0 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 41 | 3 .9 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 41 | 2 .6 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Chlorpyrifos | 9 | 2 .0 | 0.97 | 1.97 | 9.8 | 32 | 2 .3 | 0.60 | 1.38 | 22.0 |
| Endosulfan | 89 | 5 .6 | 0.76 | 4.25 | 208.7 | 67 | 3 .7 | 0.72 | 2.67 | 89.1 |
| Esfenvalerate | 70 | 5 .2 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 8.6 | 81 | 4 .8 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 5.7 |
| Methamidophos | 79 | 4 .2 | 0.84 | 3.53 | 154.3 | 64 | 3 .4 | 0.71 | 2.37 | 74.5 |
| Methomyl | 52 | 3 .4 | 0.58 | 1.96 | 55.6 | 65 | 3 .6 | 0.41 | 1.46 | 47.1 |
| Permethrin | 81 | 6 .9 | 0.11 | 0.75 | 33.3 | 49 | 4 .6 | 0.10 | 0.45 | 10.9 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 33 | 3 .2 | 0.43 | 1.36 | 24.6 | 18 | 1 .7 | 0.39 | 0.68 | 6.0 |
| Chlorothalonil | 78 | 7 .6 | 1.19 | 9.05 | 389.8 | 66 | 5 .5 | 1.13 | 6.21 | 203.0 |
| Copper Hydroxide | 66 | 12 .8 | 0.93 | 11.92 | 434.2 | 67 | 10 .5 | 0.94 | 9.93 | 327.3 |
| Mancozeb | 74 | 17 .0 | 1.16 | 19.73 | 808.0 | 62 | 11 .6 | 1.12 | 13.00 | 395.6 |
| Metalaxy | 32 | 3 .3 | 0.35 | 1.15 | 20.2 | 10 | 1 .2 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 2.3 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Chloropicrin | 57 | 1 .0 | 53.39 | 53.39 | 1,665.0 | 26 | 1 .0 | 63.27 | 63.27 | 823.6 |
| Methyl Bromide | 93 | 1 .0 | 164.68 | 164.68 | 8,409.3 | 93 | 1 .0 | 171.83 | 171.83 | 8,229.8 |
| TOMATOES, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (51,500 acres) | 1996 (40,000 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 8.5 | 37 | 311 | 14,902 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 95 | 5.7 | 35 | 201 | 9,114 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 100 | 8.4 | 64 | 534 | 25,572 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Metribuzin | 29 | 1.3 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 4.7 | 62 | 1.2 | 0.48 | 0.57 | 14.1 |
| Paraquat | 64 | 1.9 | 0.36 | 0.67 | 20.6 | 66 | 1.3 | 0.69 | 0.87 | 22.9 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Abamectin | 31 | 3.1 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.4 | 74 | 2.4 | 0.008 | 0.02 | 0.6 |
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 46 | 7.3 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 88 | 5.6 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Chlorpyrifos | 46 | 4.5 | 0.75 | 3.36 | 74.4 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Endosulfan | 77 | 5.3 | 0.76 | 4.05 | 149.7 | 44 | 2.6 | 0.74 | 1.93 | 34.2 |
| Esfenvalerate | 82 | 6.9 | 0.04 | 0.27 | 10.7 | 22 | 4.3 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 1.2 |
| Imidacloprid | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 70 | 1.5 | 0.27 | 0.39 | 11.1 |
| Methamidophos | 84 | 4.8 | 0.79 | 3.80 | 152.6 | 47 | 4.4 | 0.67 | 2.96 | 55.8 |
| Methomyl | 41 | 4.2 | 0.47 | 1.98 | 39.2 | 55 | 2.0 | 0.65 | 1.27 | 28.2 |
| Permethrin | 62 | 6.7 | 0.17 | 1.12 | 32.9 | 57 | 4.2 | 0.11 | 0.45 | 10.2 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 31 | 4.5 | 0.48 | 2.19 | 33.0 | 48 | 3.0 | 0.26 | 0.79 | 15.1 |
| Chlorothalonil | 85 | 7.7 | 1.43 | 11.01 | 446.6 | 95 | 7.8 | 1.06 | 8.34 | 317.6 |
| Copper Hydroxide | 98 | 14.9 | 1.01 | 15.04 | 706.8 | 96 | 9.2 | 0.81 | 7.44 | 285.1 |
| Mancozeb | 90 | 13.4 | 1.35 | 18.12 | 784.4 | 93 | 9.8 | 1.04 | 10.22 | 379.3 |
| Metalaxy | 47 | 2.1 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 15.0 | 35 | 1.7 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 2.3 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Chloropicrin | 64 | 1.0 | 61.00 | 61.00 | 1,881.9 | 79 | 1.0 | 58.55 | 58.55 | 1,842.1 |
| Methyl Bromide | 94 | 1.0 | 182.73 | 182.73 | 8,227.6 | 94 | 1.0 | 142.52 | 142.52 | 5,345.7 |
| WATERMELONS: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (53,000 acres) | 1992 (53,000 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 99 | 2.6 | 62 | 159 | 8,385 | 99 | 3.9 | 38 | 148 | 7,772 |
| Phosphate | 90 | 1.7 | 79 | 136 | 6,493 | 89 | 2.0 | 58 | 113 | 5,359 |
| Potash | 99 | 2.4 | 86 | 209 | 11,010 | 99 | 3.7 | 49 | 180 | 9,480 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Gylphosate | 3 | 1.0 | 2.55 | 2.55 | 4.3 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Paraquat | 16 | 1.1 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 5.3 | 18 | 1.2 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 7.6 |
| Sethoxydim | 3 | 1.0 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.4 | 2 | 1.2 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.4 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 26 | 4.0 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 31 | 6.5 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Endosulfan | 15 | 2.4 | 0.76 | 1.86 | 14.6 | 10 | 3.0 | 0.44 | 1.33 | 7.0 |
| Esfenvalerate | 7 | 3.8 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 1.0 | 17 | 3.7 | 0.04 | 0.15 | 1.3 |
| Methomyl | 29 | 2.5 | 0.47 | 1.18 | 18.4 | 19 | 3.6 | 0.59 | 2.13 | 21.3 |
| Oxamyl | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Permethrin | 22 | 8.4 | 0.10 | 0.85 | 9.8 | 12 | 3.9 | 0.12 | 0.47 | 3.1 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 27 | 3.0 | 0.30 | 0.89 | 13.0 | 36 | 3.7 | 0.32 | 1.18 | 22.6 |
| Chlorothalonil | 64 | 3.8 | 1.24 | 4.73 | 160.9 | 52 | 3.5 | 1.31 | 4.59 | 125.5 |
| Copper hydroxide | 6 | 2.6 | 1.09 | 2.86 | 9.5 | 10 | 3.1 | 0.93 | 2.91 | 15.8 |
| Mancozeb | 20 | 7.2 | 1.07 | 7.64 | 81.5 | 62 | 6.5 | 1.15 | 7.43 | 244.9 |
| Metalaxyl | 32 | 3.1 | 0.25 | 0.76 | 12.8 | 28 | 3.0 | 0.22 | 0.64 | 9.6 |
| WATERMELONS: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (40,000 acres) | 1996 (40,000 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 99 | 2 .8 | 53 | 145 | 5,731 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphate | 88 | 1 .8 | 67 | 123 | 4,330 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 99 | 2 .5 | 72 | 182 | 7,209 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Gylphosate | 1 | 1 .0 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 0.3 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Paraquat | 11 | 1 .1 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 2.0 | 7 | 1 .3 | 0.65 | 0.84 | 2.5 |
| Sethoxydim | 4 | 1 .0 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.4 | 6 | 1 .0 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.2 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 12 | 7 .9 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 25 | 6 .2 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Endosulfan | 19 | 3 .2 | 0.89 | 2.89 | 21.6 | 16 | 1 .6 | 0.64 | 1.04 | 6.8 |
| Esfenvalerate | 4 | 3 .4 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.2 | 12 | 4 .7 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.8 |
| Methomyl | 21 | 2 .7 | 0.64 | 1.74 | 14.4 | 17 | 2 .7 | 0.61 | 1.64 | 11.1 |
| Oxamyl | 5 | 1 .3 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.9 | 7 | 1 .3 | 0.75 | 0.98 | 2.9 |
| Permethrin | 11 | 4 .5 | 0.19 | 0.87 | 3.7 | 12 | 3 .1 | 0.10 | 0.32 | 1.5 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 31 | 2 .4 | 0.25 | 0.61 | 7.5 | 51 | 2 .8 | 0.24 | 0.68 | 13.9 |
| Chlorothalonil | 58 | 2 .9 | 1.72 | 4.93 | 114.7 | 45 | 3 .4 | 1.27 | 4.25 | 77.2 |
| Copper hydroxide | 11 | 3 .3 | 0.52 | 1.74 | 7.4 | 19 | 2 .7 | 0.93 | 2.50 | 18.8 |
| Mancozeb | 72 | 3 .8 | 1.56 | 5.88 | 169.2 | 73 | 4 .5 | 1.37 | 6.17 | 178.8 |
| Metalaxyl | 31 | 2 .5 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 6.7 | 21 | 2 .2 | 0.21 | 0.47 | 3.9 |
| * Footnotes are explained on the last page. | ||||||||||
| SNAP BEANS, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1994, and 1996 | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (28,400 acres) | 1996 (29,000 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 98 | 2 .6 | 34 | 86 | 2,288 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 91 | 1 .6 | 63 | 99 | 2,439 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 98 | 2 .4 | 51 | 120 | 3,173 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Metolachlor | 14 | 1 .0 | 1.25 | 1.29 | 4.7 | 31 | 1.1 | 1.39 | 1.57 | 13.9 |
| Trifluralin | 42 | 1 .0 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 6.3 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Acephate | 24 | 3 .2 | 0.56 | 1.83 | 11.8 | 38 | 2.3 | 0.62 | 1.44 | 15.7 |
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 49 | 2 .2 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 29 | 3.5 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Dimethoate | 23 | 3 .4 | 0.50 | 1.69 | 10.4 | 18 | 5.3 | 0.47 | 2.52 | 12.9 |
| Endosulfan | 42 | 3 .9 | 0.72 | 2.80 | 32.0 | 5 | 1.7 | 0.72 | 1.21 | 1.7 |
| Methomyl | 50 | 2 .6 | 0.43 | 1.14 | 15.3 | 39 | 1.6 | 0.35 | 0.57 | 6.5 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 19 | 2 .7 | 0.56 | 1.52 | 7.9 | 34 | 3.6 | 0.37 | 1.31 | 12.8 |
| Chlorothalonil | 75 | 3 .6 | 1.18 | 4.23 | 85.8 | 74 | 2.6 | 0.95 | 2.48 | 53.3 |
| Copper Hydroxide | 24 | 1 .7 | 0.55 | 0.91 | 5.9 | 28 | 2.8 | 0.29 | 0.80 | 6.4 |
| Metalaxyl | 25 | 2 .3 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 2.7 | 52 | 1.3 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 5.1 |
| Sulfur | 63 | 5 .1 | 3.15 | 15.99 | 271.7 | 33 | 4.6 | 2.40 | 11.01 | 104.8 |
| SNAP BEANS, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1994, and 1996 | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (28,400 acres) | 1996 (29,000 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 98 | 2 .6 | 34 | 86 | 2,288 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 91 | 1 .6 | 63 | 99 | 2,439 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 98 | 2 .4 | 51 | 120 | 3,173 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Metolachlor | 14 | 1 .0 | 1.25 | 1.29 | 4.7 | 31 | 1.1 | 1.39 | 1.57 | 13.9 |
| Trifluralin | 42 | 1 .0 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 6.3 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Acephate | 24 | 3 .2 | 0.56 | 1.83 | 11.8 | 38 | 2.3 | 0.62 | 1.44 | 15.7 |
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 49 | 2 .2 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 29 | 3.5 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Dimethoate | 23 | 3 .4 | 0.50 | 1.69 | 10.4 | 18 | 5.3 | 0.47 | 2.52 | 12.9 |
| Endosulfan | 42 | 3 .9 | 0.72 | 2.80 | 32.0 | 5 | 1.7 | 0.72 | 1.21 | 1.7 |
| Methomyl | 50 | 2 .6 | 0.43 | 1.14 | 15.3 | 39 | 1.6 | 0.35 | 0.57 | 6.5 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 19 | 2 .7 | 0.56 | 1.52 | 7.9 | 34 | 3.6 | 0.37 | 1.31 | 12.8 |
| Chlorothalonil | 75 | 3 .6 | 1.18 | 4.23 | 85.8 | 74 | 2.6 | 0.95 | 2.48 | 53.3 |
| Copper Hydroxide | 24 | 1 .7 | 0.55 | 0.91 | 5.9 | 28 | 2.8 | 0.29 | 0.80 | 6.4 |
| Metalaxyl | 25 | 2 .3 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 2.7 | 52 | 1.3 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 5.1 |
| Sulfur | 63 | 5 .1 | 3.15 | 15.99 | 271.7 | 33 | 4.6 | 2.40 | 11.01 | 104.8 |
| BELL PEPPERS: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (22,500 acres) | 1992 (21,100 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 99 | 2 .4 | 128 | 306 | 6,884 | 96 | 4.7 | 47 | 219 | 4,211 |
| Phosphorous | 92 | 1 .7 | 97 | 169 | 3,794 | 84 | 1.6 | 68 | 106 | 1,769 |
| Potash | 99 | 2 .3 | 173 | 354 | 8,869 | 96 | 4.7 | 64 | 299 | 5,735 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Monocarbumide dihy. | 10 | 1 .1 | 60.18 | 67.79 | 152.9 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Naprodamide | 18 | 1 .2 | 1.42 | 1.70 | 7.0 | 17 | 1.0 | 1.27 | 1.27 | 4.4 |
| Paraquat | 52 | 1 .4 | 0.54 | 0.78 | 9.1 | 55 | 1.9 | 0.45 | 0.84 | 9.2 |
| Trifluralin | 3 | 1 .4 | 0.96 | 1.32 | 0.8 | 1 | 1.0 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 0.3 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Acephate | 45 | 3 .3 | 0.60 | 2.01 | 20.4 | 29 | 4.2 | 0.56 | 2.36 | 13.4 |
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 66 | 5 .0 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 81 | 6.9 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Endosulfan | 40 | 2 .1 | 0.80 | 1.65 | 14.7 | 18 | 3.1 | 0.51 | 1.58 | 5.6 |
| Methomyl | 92 | 6 .1 | 0.47 | 2.85 | 58.9 | 87 | 7.7 | 0.43 | 3.36 | 58.1 |
| Oxamyl | 31 | 3 .1 | 0.71 | 2.21 | 15.5 | 34 | 2.6 | 0.55 | 1.42 | 9.5 |
| Permethrin | 49 | 3 .3 | 0.11 | 0.37 | 4.1 | 65 | 7.0 | 0.13 | 0.88 | 11.5 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Copper Ammonium | 15 | 9 .1 | 0.24 | 2.19 | 7.2 | 8 | 11.8 | 0.25 | 2.96 | 4.9 |
| Copper Hydroxide | 46 | 9 .8 | 0.92 | 9.00 | 92.9 | 82 | 9.9 | 0.88 | 8.69 | 141.1 |
| Mancozeb | 24 | 11 .9 | 1.02 | 12.22 | 65.7 | 11 | 10.2 | 0.55 | 5.58 | 12.6 |
| Maneb | 52 | 8 .3 | 1.14 | 9.46 | 110.9 | 76 | 12.7 | 1.23 | 15.70 | 236.1 |
| Metalaxyl | 23 | 2 .7 | 0.32 | 0.86 | 4.6 | 23 | 3.2 | 0.46 | 1.49 | 6.7 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Chloropicrin | 27 | 1 .0 | 51.86 | 51.86 | 312.0 | 23 | 1.0 | 58.99 | 58.99 | 267.4 |
| Methy Bromide | 77 | 1 .0 | 174.95 | 174.95 | 3,028.1 | 83 | 1.1 | 162.67 | 171.50 | 2,832.9 |
| BELL PEPPERS: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (21,600 acres) | 1996 (21,300 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 2 .2 | 127 | 284 | 6.274 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 88 | 1 .6 | 85 | 139 | 2,707 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 100 | 2 .2 | 177 | 393 | 8,675 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Monocarbumide dihy. | 1 | 2 .3 | 19.31 | 43.62 | 11.8 | 5 | 1.5 | 79.80 | 123.63 | 131.7 |
| Paraquat | 35 | 1 .2 | 0.34 | 0.41 | 3.2 | 35 | 1.7 | 0.68 | 1.15 | 8.5 |
| Trifluralin | 1 | 1 .0 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.3 | |||||
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 77 | 12 .1 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 97 | 9.6 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Dicofol | 39 | 1 .4 | 0.29 | 0.42 | 3.6 | 25 | 2.0 | 0.43 | 0.84 | 4.4 |
| Endosulfan | 39 | 2 .7 | 0.72 | 1.93 | 16.5 | 11 | 1.5 | 0.69 | 1.06 | 2.5 |
| Methomyl | 77 | 7 .9 | 0.33 | 2.65 | 45.0 | 73 | 5.7 | 0.56 | 3.19 | 49.8 |
| Oxamyl | 41 | 2 .8 | 0.64 | 1.78 | 16.1 | 19 | 2.4 | 0.64 | 1.53 | 6.1 |
| Permethrin | 32 | 3 .3 | 0.14 | 0.45 | 3.2 | 22 | 5.5 | 0.12 | 0.66 | 3.1 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Copper Ammonium | 16 | 9 .7 | 0.27 | 2.58 | 8.9 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Copper Hydroxide | 85 | 10 .4 | 0.84 | 8.77 | 164.8 | 90 | 10.4 | 0.90 | 9.38 | 180.3 |
| Mancozeb | 20 | 6 .6 | 1.44 | 9.54 | 42.9 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Maneb | 73 | 12 .1 | 1.01 | 12.17 | 196.7 | 94 | 10.5 | 1.18 | 12.35 | 247.3 |
| Metalaxyl | 32 | 2 .2 | 0.25 | 0.54 | 3.8 | 23 | 1.2 | 0.80 | 0.96 | 4.7 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Chloropicrin | 27 | 1 .0 | 91.23 | 91.23 | 535.1 | 29 | 1.0 | 65.77 | 65.77 | 399.4 |
| Methy Bromide | 83 | 1 .0 | 188.58 | 188.58 | 3,477.4 | 91 | 1.0 | 174.95 | 174.95 | 3,395.5 |
| * Footnotes are explained on the last page. | ||||||||||
| CUCUMBER, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (14,700 acres) | 1992 (16,700 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 98 | 2.3 | 93 | 215 | 3,113 | 88 | 3.3 | 28 | 92 | 1,427 |
| Phosphorous | 71 | 1.7 | 95 | 159 | 1,665 | 53 | 2.2 | 41 | 92 | 855 |
| Potash | 98 | 1.8 | 164 | 303 | 4,376 | 88 | 3.3 | 31 | 104 | 1,601 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Paraquat | 40 | 1.1 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 4.4 | 46 | 1.1 | 0.66 | 0.76 | 6.2 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 51 | 3.9 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 44 | 6.1 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Endosulfan | 30 | 2.4 | 0.64 | 1.54 | 6.9 | 5 | 1.7 | 0.59 | 1.04 | 1.0 |
| Esfenvalerate | 23 | 2.8 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.5 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Methomyl | 63 | 3.4 | 0.40 | 1.36 | 12.5 | 46 | 4.3 | 0.52 | 2.26 | 18.4 |
| Oxamyl | 13 | 3.7 | 0.37 | 1.39 | 2.7 | 43 | 2.6 | 0.48 | 1.24 | 9.5 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 75 | 3.0 | 1.51 | 4.51 | 49.7 | 57 | 4.6 | 1.37 | 6.36 | 64.1 |
| Copper hydroxide | 16 | 3.6 | 0.53 | 1.90 | 4.5 | 14 | 1.7 | 0.85 | 1.42 | 3.5 |
| Mancozeb | 32 | 6.1 | 1.24 | 7.53 | 35.1 | 26 | 5.4 | 0.91 | 4.88 | 22.0 |
| Maneb | 18 | 3.6 | 1.21 | 4.31 | 11.3 | 29 | 3.9 | 1.02 | 3.95 | 20.3 |
| Metalaxyl | 32 | 2.4 | 0.41 | 0.96 | 4.5 | 32 | 6.1 | 0.24 | 1.48 | 8.3 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Methyl Bromide | 20 | 1.0 | 173.11 | 173.11 | 509.8 | 13 | 1.0 | 179.73 | 179.73 | 418.2 |
| CUCUMBER, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (14,600 acres) | 1996 (10,000 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 4.0 | 29 | 115 | 1,529 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 57 | 1.6 | 84 | 137 | 1,035 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 97 | 4.0 | 30 | 119 | 1,533 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Paraquat | 31 | 1.2 | 0.36 | 0.45 | 1.8 | 38 | 1.7 | 0.63 | 1.10 | 4.1 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 74 | 5.3 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 82 | 9.1 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Endosulfan | 17 | 2.8 | 0.84 | 2.35 | 5.3 | 26 | 2.3 | 0.74 | 1.68 | 4.4 |
| Esfenvalerate | 12 | 2.7 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.2 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Methomyl | 79 | 5.0 | 0.51 | 2.56 | 26.8 | 64 | 6.3 | 0.65 | 4.11 | 26.5 |
| Oxamyl | 27 | 3.7 | 0.47 | 1.74 | 6.2 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 67 | 6.1 | 1.45 | 8.88 | 78.7 | 58 | 12.7 | 1.13 | 14.35 | 82.7 |
| Copper hydroxide | 21 | 1.5 | 0.69 | 1.01 | 2.8 | 36 | 1.7 | 0.81 | 1.40 | 5.0 |
| Mancozeb | 56 | 4.6 | 1.78 | 8.16 | 61.1 | 43 | 2.8 | 1.37 | 3.89 | 16.6 |
| Maneb | 27 | 6.2 | 0.95 | 5.83 | 20.8 | 23 | 5.4 | 1.01 | 5.47 | 12.7 |
| Metalaxyl | 40 | 6.1 | 0.14 | 0.84 | 4.5 | 16 | 2.9 | 0.26 | 0.74 | 1.2 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Methyl Bromide | 10 | 1.0 | 187.92 | 187.92 | 258.7 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| CABBAGE, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1990, and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (14,300 acres) | 1992 (12,900 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 2 .7 | 78 | 210 | 2,984 | 100 | 3 .1 | 64 | 202 | 2,303 |
| Phosphorous | 100 | 1 .7 | 52 | 90 | 1,276 | 98 | 2 .6 | 35 | 93 | 1,039 |
| Potash | 100 | 2 .1 | 96 | 207 | 2,948 | 100 | 2 .7 | 74 | 199 | 2,268 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| DCPA | 11 | 1 .0 | 3.32 | 3.32 | 5.2 | 30 | 1 .0 | 2.57 | 2.57 | 8.8 |
| Metolachlor | 42 | 1 .0 | 2.35 | 2.35 | 14.0 | 31 | 1 .0 | 1.89 | 1.89 | 6.6 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 78 | 7 .6 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 82 | 7 .4 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Chlorpyrifos | 28 | 2 .7 | 0.66 | 1.79 | 7.1 | 29 | 1 .9 | 0.96 | 1.81 | 6.0 |
| Endosulfan | 34 | 4 .4 | 1.35 | 5.98 | 29.0 | 38 | 1 .2 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 2.7 |
| Methomyl | 60 | 5 .0 | 0.46 | 2.31 | 19.8 | 88 | 6 .7 | 0.46 | 3.08 | 30.9 |
| Permethrin | 45 | 6 .0 | 0.11 | 0.64 | 4.1 | 24 | 2 .2 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.6 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 64 | 5 .0 | 1.24 | 6.17 | 56.3 | 49 | 5 .1 | 0.85 | 4.32 | 24.0 |
| Copper Hydroxide | 11 | 2 .0 | 0.67 | 1.31 | 2.0 | 5 | 2 .6 | 0.89 | 2.26 | 1.4 |
| Mancozeb | 37 | 5 .3 | 1.56 | 8.27 | 43.3 | 32 | 3 .1 | 1.03 | 3.20 | 11.6 |
| Maneb | 28 | 5 .5 | 1.21 | 6.57 | 26.5 | 41 | 5 .5 | 1.00 | 5.54 | 25.9 |
| Metalaxyl | 10 | 1 .0 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.1 | 31 | 1 .0 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.2 |
| CABBAGE, FRESH: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (9,300 acres) | 1996 (9,300 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 2.7 | 97 | 258 | 2,395 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 100 | 1.9 | 51 | 94 | 874 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 100 | 2.2 | 126 | 272 | 2,527 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Glyphosate | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 10 | 2.0 | 1.49 | 2.98 | 2.7 |
| Metolachlor | 51 | 1.0 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 6.4 | 20 | 1.2 | 1.58 | 1.84 | 3.3 |
| Trifluralin | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 23 | 1.0 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 1.1 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 96 | 7.2 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 76 | 6.2 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Endosulfan | 53 | 3.2 | 0.91 | 2.88 | 14.3 | 26 | 2.3 | 0.74 | 1.69 | 4.1 |
| Fenamiphos | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 19 | 1.0 | 1.56 | 1.56 | 2.7 |
| Methamidophos | 40 | 2.4 | 0.71 | 1.70 | 6.4 | 30 | 2.7 | 0.55 | 1.51 | 4.3 |
| Methomyl | 76 | 4.0 | 0.58 | 2.34 | 16.5 | 45 | 4.6 | 0.50 | 2.29 | 9.6 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 61 | 4.8 | 1.21 | 5.75 | 32.5 | 39 | 4.6 | 1.42 | 6.49 | 23.5 |
| Copper Hydroxide | 20 | 1.9 | 0.32 | 0.59 | 1.1 | 11 | 2.0 | 0.55 | 1.10 | 1.2 |
| Mancozeb | 27 | 4.9 | 2.21 | 10.81 | 27.5 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Maneb | 21 | 7.7 | 1.28 | 9.94 | 19.8 | 13 | 6.3 | 1.09 | 6.88 | 8.5 |
| Metalaxyl | 9 | 2.0 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.2 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| *Footnotes are explained on the last page. | ||||||||||
| CARROTS: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (9,900 acres) | 1992 (9,400 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 70 | 1.1 | 27 | 31 | 216 | 83 | 1.0 | 41 | 41 | 318 |
| Phosphorous | 67 | 1.2 | 50 | 58 | 381 | 100 | 1.0 | 71 | 71 | 662 |
| Potash | 70 | 1.1 | 157 | 180 | 1,248 | 100 | 1.0 | 133 | 133 | 1,250 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Fluazifop-P-butyl | 41 | 1.3 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.6 | 60 | 1.1 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.7 |
| Linuron | 86 | 3.0 | 0.46 | 1.36 | 11.5 | 87 | 5.0 | 0.30 | 1.51 | 12.3 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Diazinon | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 41 | 1.0 | 4.29 | 4.29 | 16.4 |
| Methomyl | 35 | 1.3 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 1.3 | 27 | 2.0 | 0.31 | 0.63 | 1.6 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 44 | 2.9 | 1.22 | 3.55 | 15.5 | 80 | 3.6 | 1.22 | 4.37 | 32.7 |
| Iprodione | 19 | 1.0 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.8 | 61 | 1.0 | 0.83 | 0.83 | 4.7 |
| CARROTS: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (7,900 acres) | 1996 (7,100 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 96 | 1.0 | 24 | 24 | 178 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 96 | 1.0 | 31 | 31 | 229 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 96 | 1.0 | 77 | 77 | 562 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Fluazifop-P-butyl | 47 | 1.0 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.4 | 81 | 1.8 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.9 |
| Linuron | 91 | 4.1 | 0.64 | 2.60 | 17.9 | 92 | 3.6 | 0.40 | 1.44 | 9.4 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Diazinon | 52 | 1.1 | 1.69 | 1.87 | 7.4 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Esfenvalelate | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 55 | 1.1 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.2 |
| Methomyl | 40 | 1.1 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.8 | 34 | 1.1 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 1.2 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 99 | 7.6 | 1.17 | 8.86 | 66.4 | 93 | 7.2 | 1.29 | 9.32 | 61.3 |
| Iprodione | 83 | 1.7 | 0.85 | 1.49 | 9.4 | 83 | 1.8 | 0.91 | 1.60 | 9.4 |
| STRAWBERRIES: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (5,400 acres) | 1992 (4,700 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 96 | 19.5 | 12 | 234 | 1,211 | 100 | 85.9 | 2 | 135 | 634 |
| Phosphorous | 93 | 15.4 | 6 | 95 | 473 | 83 | 71.9 | 1 | 72 | 279 |
| Potash | 96 | 19.5 | 14 | 279 | 1,442 | 100 | 85.9 | 2 | 181 | 850 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Glyphosate | 2 | 2.2 | 1.20 | 2.68 | 0.3 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Napropamide | 37 | 1.2 | 1.21 | 1.51 | 3.1 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Paraquat | 81 | 1.9 | 0.49 | 0.92 | 4.1 | 89 | 1.9 | 0.66 | 1.23 | 5.1 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Abamectin | 41 | 2.8 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.1 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 10 | 2.2 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 18 | 2.1 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Diazinon | 25 | 3.9 | 0.66 | 2.58 | 3.4 | 23 | 5.2 | 0.60 | 3.10 | 3.3 |
| Fenbutatin-oxide | 56 | 2.9 | 0.74 | 2.13 | 6.4 | 74 | 3.5 | 0.68 | 2.40 | 8.3 |
| Methomyl | 86 | 7.8 | 0.41 | 3.22 | 15.0 | 85 | 8.8 | 0.50 | 4.43 | 17.7 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Captan | 93 | 23.2 | 2.08 | 48.13 | 243.0 | 98 | 20.1 | 1.97 | 39.55 | 183.1 |
| Iprodione | 2 | 1.4 | 0.54 | 0.78 | 0.1 | 42 | 2.3 | 0.69 | 1.57 | 3.1 |
| Sulfur | 54 | 5.7 | 3.37 | 19.37 | 56.9 | 54 | 2.3 | 3.19 | 39.21 | 98.7 |
| Thiophanate-methyl | 12 | 6.2 | 0.70 | 4.35 | 2.9 | 17 | 5.8 | 0.78 | 4.56 | 3.7 |
| Thiram | 28 | 8.5 | 1.04 | 8.78 | 13.3 | 32 | 5.6 | 0.77 | 4.32 | 6.5 |
| Vinclozolin | 19 | 1.8 | 0.65 | 1.14 | 1.2 | 44 | 2.1 | 0.59 | 1.26 | 2.6 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Methyl Bromide | 95 | 1.0 | 192.79 | 192.79 | 986.5 | 91 | 1.0 | 196.49 | 196.49 | 845.0 |
| STRAWBERRIES: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (5,800 acres) | 1996 (6,000 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 73 .0 | 2 | 117 | 676 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 84 | 58 .3 | 1 | 58 | 286 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 98 | 73 .7 | 2 | 156 | 890 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Glyphosate | 3 | 1 .0 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.1 | 39 | 1.7 | 1.17 | 1.96 | 4.6 |
| Napropamide | 26 | 2 .4 | 0.75 | 1.80 | 2.7 | 12 | 1.6 | 1.13 | 1.79 | 1.3 |
| Paraquat | 87 | 1 .9 | 0.23 | 0.44 | 2.2 | 82 | 1.9 | 0.65 | 1.21 | 6.0 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Abamectin | 48 | 3 .6 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 68 | 3.1 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.2 |
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 41 | 9 .7 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 57 | 5.2 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Diazinon | 24 | 3 .8 | 0.51 | 1.97 | 2.8 | 24 | 3.4 | 0.64 | 2.15 | 3.1 |
| Fenbutatin-oxide | 54 | 3 .7 | 0.81 | 3.02 | 9.4 | 36 | 4.8 | 0.69 | 3.29 | 7.1 |
| Methomyl | 82 | 11 .5 | 0.57 | 6.58 | 31.4 | 65 | 5.2 | 0.61 | 3.14 | 12.3 |
| Naled | 7 | 3 .6 | 0.88 | 3.21 | 1.2 | 15 | 3.1 | 0.90 | 2.83 | 2.5 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 24 | 4 .3 | 0.42 | 1.81 | 2.5 | 41 | 4.7 | 0.58 | 2.68 | 6.6 |
| Captan | 99 | 20 .6 | 1.88 | 38.80 | 222.1 | 99 | 17.0 | 1.79 | 30.34 | 180.8 |
| Iprodione | 38 | 2 .1 | 0.54 | 1.12 | 2.5 | 33 | 3.0 | 0.65 | 1.93 | 3.8 |
| Sulfur | 84 | 7 .7 | 2.73 | 20.91 | 101.8 | 58 | 8.4 | 3.53 | 29.64 | 103.8 |
| Thiophanate-methyl | 47 | 3 .2 | 0.71 | 2.27 | 6.2 | 32 | 6.4 | 0.64 | 4.07 | 7.7 |
| Thiram | 40 | 7 .9 | 1.11 | 8.78 | 20.3 | 51 | 6.8 | 0.92 | 6.23 | 19.2 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Methyl Bromide | 97 | 1 .0 | 196.15 | 196.15 | 1,107.4 | 99 | 1.0 | 207.38 | 207.38 | 1,231.3 |
| * Footnotes are explained on the last page. | ||||||||||
| EGGPLANT: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (2,100 acres) | 1992 (2,700 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- ations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 97 | 2.7 | 107 | 284 | 578 | 100 | 2.3 | 84 | 189 | 472 |
| Phosphorous | 89 | 1.5 | 85 | 129 | 241 | 79 | 2.1 | 58 | 121 | 236 |
| Potash | 97 | 2.5 | 145 | 370 | 753 | 100 | 2.2 | 121 | 266 | 663 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Napropamide | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Paraquat | 18 | 3.6 | 0.68 | 2.46 | 0.9 | 59 | 2.0 | 0.63 | 1.25 | 1.8 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 35 | 3.6 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 14 | 5.1 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Endosulfan | 46 | 3.3 | 0.62 | 2.03 | 2.0 | 51 | 5.8 | 0.65 | 3.73 | 4.8 |
| Esfenvalerate | 23 | 6.0 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.1 | 62 | 4.4 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.3 |
| Methomyl | 56 | 5.2 | 0.39 | 2.01 | 2.4 | 54 | 6.2 | 0.38 | 2.33 | 3.2 |
| Permethrin | 30 | 3.7 | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.2 | 40 | 3.9 | 0.10 | 0.37 | 0.4 |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 12 | 3.2 | 1.94 | 6.11 | 1.6 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Copper Hydroxide | 27 | 5.1 | 0.90 | 4.63 | 2.6 | 29 | 4.4 | 0.99 | 4.36 | 3.2 |
| Mancozeb | 31 | 10.2 | 1.15 | 11.77 | 7.6 | 6 | 5.0 | 1.02 | 5.05 | 0.8 |
| Maneb | 29 | 10.2 | 1.08 | 11.06 | 6.7 | 68 | 7.0 | 1.13 | 7.90 | 13.4 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Chloropicrin | 38 | 1.0 | 60.55 | 60.55 | 48.3 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Methyl Bromide | 62 | 1.0 | 157.85 | 157.85 | 203.9 | 29 | 1.0 | 166.42 | 166.42 | 120.1 |
| EGGPLANT: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (2,500 acres) | 1996 (1,700 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 9.6 | 13 | 121 | 301 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 71 | 2.3 | 53 | 124 | 219 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 100 | 9.5 | 13 | 120 | 301 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Napropamide | 2 | 1.0 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 5/ | 3 | 1.2 | 1.61 | 2.00 | 0.1 |
| Paraquat | 11 | 1.7 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.1 | 17 | 1.2 | 0.63 | 0.77 | 0.2 |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Bt(Bacillus thur.) | 57 | 4.1 | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ | 3/ | 3/ | 1/ | 1/ | 1/ |
| Endosulfan | 33 | 2.8 | 0.56 | 1.55 | 1.3 | 21 | 5.9 | 0.52 | 3.06 | 1.1 |
| Esfenvalerate | 30 | 5.1 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.1 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Methomyl | 39 | 4.2 | 0.40 | 1.68 | 1.6 | 73 | 4.3 | 0.72 | 3.11 | 3.8 |
| Permethrin | 22 | 2.4 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.1 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Chlorothalonil | 7 | 5.4 | 1.20 | 6.46 | 1.1 | 15 | 4.2 | 1.04 | 4.36 | 1.1 |
| Copper Hydroxide | 15 | 9.6 | 0.40 | 3.79 | 1.4 | 8 | 4.4 | 0.76 | 3.31 | 0.4 |
| Mancozeb | 12 | 12.2 | 1.76 | 21.39 | 6.4 | 9 | 6.3 | 1.20 | 7.55 | 1.2 |
| Maneb | 33 | 9.5 | 1.05 | 9.90 | 8.2 | 62 | 6.3 | 1.18 | 7.45 | 7.8 |
| Other | ||||||||||
| Chloropicrin | 36 | 1.0 | 65.10 | 65.10 | 59.3 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Methyl Bromide | 42 | 1.0 | 157.86 | 157.86 | 166.9 | 76 | 1.0 | 186.59 | 186.59 | 241.8 |
| CUCUMBERS, PROCESSED: Major Chemical Usage, 1990 and 1992, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1990 (2,400 acres) | 1992 (2,600 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 3.3 | 73 | 243 | 583 | 100 | 3.0 | 34 | 104 | 269 |
| Phosphorous | 87 | 2.0 | 93 | 191 | 400 | 42 | 5.8 | 15 | 84 | 91 |
| Potash | 100 | 3.0 | 103 | 313 | 751 | 100 | 3.6 | 48 | 171 | 445 |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Ethalfluralin | 51 | 1.0 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.6 | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Carbaryl | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ |
| Methomyl | 63 | 2.5 | 0.64 | 1.58 | 2.4 | 93 | 5.1 | 0.45 | 2.29 | 5.6 |
| Oxamyl | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ | 2/ |
| Permethrin | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ |
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 43 | 3.3 | 0.85 | 2.81 | 2.9 | 59 | 2.0 | 0.27 | 0.54 | 0.8 |
| Chlorothalonil | 69 | 3.7 | 3.32 | 12.36 | 20.4 | 59 | 3.9 | 2.19 | 8.44 | 13.0 |
| CUCUMBERS, PROCESSED: Major Chemical Usage, 1994 and 1996, Florida | ||||||||||
| Chemical | 1994 (2,100 acres) | 1996 (6,500 acres) | ||||||||
|
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
Area applied |
Appli- cations |
Rate per appli- cation |
Rate per crop year |
Total applied |
|
| Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | Percent | Number | Pounds per acre | 1,000 lbs. | |||
| Fertilizer | ||||||||||
| Nitrogen | 100 | 2.6 | 38 | 98 | 206 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Phosphorous | 99 | 1.6 | 24 | 40 | 82 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Potash | 100 | 1.9 | 60 | 115 | 241 | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ | 4/ |
| Herbicides | ||||||||||
| Ethalfluralin | 30 | 1.0 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 0.7 | |||||
| Insecticides | ||||||||||
| Carbaryl | 40 | 2.5 | 0.54 | 1.35 | 1.1 | There were insufficient reports to publish detailed usage data for active ingredients in 1996. | ||||
| Methomyl | 91 | 4.9 | 0.42 | 2.06 | 3.9 | |||||
| Oxamyl | 35 | 4.2 | 0.53 | 2.22 | 1.6 | |||||
| Permethrin | 66 | 2.4 | 0.12 | 0.29 | 0.4 | |||||
| Fungicides | ||||||||||
| Benomyl | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | 3/ | |||||
| Chlorothalonil | 74 | 2.4 | 2.19 | 5.35 | 8.4 | |||||
|
FOOTNOTES: 1/Rates and total applied are not available, amounts of active ingredient are not comparable between products. 2/No reported use. 3/Insufficient report to publish data. 4/ Fertilizer statistics were dropped in 1996 due to funding limitations. 5/ Total applied is less than 50 pounds. |
||||||||||
CONCLUSION
The data collection process for this report required vegetable producers to complete a lengthy questionnaire. This report would not have
been possible without their cooperation. To each producer who completed a questionnaire,
This report is abbreviated from the national release. It was prepared to send to producers who participated in the survey in Florida.