in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date June 7, 2009 IN-CW060709 AGRICULTURAL SUMMARY Planting of corn and soybeans progressed rapidly on soils that were dry enough to support equipment, according to the Indiana Field Office of USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service. During the week many farmers were side-dressing corn with nitrogen, spraying herbicides on corn and soybean fields and re-planting drowned out spots. It has been difficult for some farmers to find enough rain-free days in a row to complete their first cutting of hay. Harvest time for winter wheat is rapidly approaching in southern counties as some of the wheat has started to turn color. Some hail damage in wheat fields occurred during the week and a few disease problems have developed. FIELD CROPS REPORT There were 3.9 days suitable for field work during the week. Ninety percent of the intended corn acreage has been planted compared with 93 percent last year and 98 percent for the 5-year average. By area, 97 percent has been planted in the north, 92 percent in the central region, and 75 percent in the south. Seventy-two percent of the corn crop has emerged compared with 81 percent last year and 92 percent for the 5-year average. Sixty-nine percent of the intended soybean acreage has been planted compared with 71 percent last year and 87 percent for the 5-year average. By area, 81 percent has been planted in the north, 74 percent in the central region, and 41 percent in the south. Forty-two percent of the soybean acreage has emerged compared with 48 percent last year and 73 percent for the 5-year average. Ninety-seven percent of the winter wheat is headed compared with 97 percent last year and 98 percent for the 5-year average. Winter wheat condition is rated 76 percent good to excellent compared with 75 percent last year at this time. LIVESTOCK, PASTURE AND RANGE REPORT Pasture condition is rated 77 percent good to excellent. Livestock remain in mostly good condition. Crop Progress Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn Planted 90 78 93 98 Corn Emerged 72 52 81 92 Soybeans Planted 69 50 71 87 Soybeans Emerged 42 21 48 73 Winter Wheat Headed 97 90 97 98 Alfalfa - 1st Cutting 64 42 46 62 Crop Condition Table ----------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ----------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 1 5 30 53 11 Pasture 2 3 18 50 27 Winter Wheat 1 5 18 54 22 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable for Fieldwork Table ---------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : ---------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 0 0 0 Short 3 3 1 Adequate 67 60 50 Surplus 30 37 49 Subsoil Very Short 0 0 0 Short 2 1 1 Adequate 72 69 55 Surplus 26 30 44 Days Suitable 3.9 4.0 2.6 Contact Information --Greg Preston, Director --Andy Higgins, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Indiana ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Other Agricultural Comments And News NEMATODE UPDATES, CORN NEMATODES This has been a cool and wet spring, perfect conditions for Needle nematodes to show their damage. Late corn planting will not prevent nematode damage. The nematodes remain active in the soil and wait for the young seedlings, and invade their young roots soon after germination. Young corn seedlings are vulnerable to the tiny nematodes as they aggregate around roots and with the aid of hollow needle-type mouth parts suck the juice out of the corn root. If these weather conditions persist, we anticipate that you will encounter problems from Needle nematode on corn. Needle nematode activity usually starts when soil temperatures reach 50°F and usually ceases when soil temperatures rise above 85°F. If you have noticed patches of stunted young corn seedlings in sandy soil, Needle nematode might be the problem. If you view these symptoms, you may wish to send the entire root system with adjacent soil to the Nematology Laboratory (address below) at Purdue University for analysis, which will rule out nematodes as the cause. Samples must be kept cool and prevented from drying. This is the perfect time to sample for Needle nematodes. They will soon start to disappear as the soil temperature rises. It must be mentioned that wheat and other grass crops are also good hosts for Needle nematode, as well as many other kinds of nematodes that parasitize corn. If you have noticed patches of stunted wheat with clubby abnormal roots, Needle nematode could be the problem. You still have time to sample the wheat in the same way as described for corn and send it to our Nematology Laboratory for analysis. Two years ago we experienced a possible emergence of another corn nematode called Lance nematode. We received several samples with unusually high numbers of Lance nematodes. These nematodes behave differently from the Needle nematode. While Needle nematodes feed only from outside of the roots, Lance nematode is capable of either feeding from outside of the roots or from the inside after entering the roots. These nematodes are shorter than Needle nematodes but they are large relative to other plant parasitic nematodes that parasitize corn. They are tube-like, and less than 1/16th of inch long. The Lance nematodes are not visible on the root system and they have to be extracted by means of special laboratory procedures. While Needle nematodes disappear when the soil temperature becomes too hot, Lance nematode continues to feed throughout the growing season. Early symptoms, e.g., patches of stunted corn, are similar for both nematodes but corn usually recovers from Needle nematode damage. However, corn suffering from Lance nematode infestation continues to show signs of damage. Often, we are not capable of recovering Needle nematodes when the soil temperature reaches above 85°F, but we can recover Lance nematodes even though the soil temperatures might be high. The sampling procedures for both nematodes are similar. However, samples for the Needle nematode must be taken before soil temperatures become too hot, usually by 6 weeks after planting. Soil samples must be taken from a depth of 4-6 inches, as close as possible to the infected plants. Early in the season, it is essential to enclose the entire root system with soil surrounding the infected plant. A more detailed sampling procedure can be found on the following website: . Previously we cautioned you to be on the lookout for a new corn nematode called Corn Cyst Nematode. The only report as yet of the presence of this nematode in the Midwest is from in Tennessee but we need to be vigilant and continue to look at corn root systems for presence of cyst nematodes on the roots. These nematodes look similar to the Soybean Cyst Nematode, a nematode that we are accustomed to seeing on soybean roots but never on the corn root. If you have any questions about corn nematodes or any other kind of plant parasitic nematodes, you can contact Jamal Faghihi at 765-494 -5901 or send an email to . Soil samples for nematode analysis can be sent to: Nematology laboratory, Purdue University, Department of Entomology, Smith Hall, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2089. The cost for nematode analysis for each sample remains at $10/sample. Jamal Faghihi, Christian Krupke, and Virginia Ferris, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, Smith Hall, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2089. In order to view photos associated with this article, go to: http://extension.entm.purdue.edu/pestcrop/2009/issue10/ index.html, pages 2 -4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The INDIANA CROP & WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by the USDA, NASS, Indiana Field Office, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite 110, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to the USDA, NASS, Indiana Field Office, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite 110, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday June 7, 2009 ----------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN| Total|Days |Temp ----------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) Chalmers_5W 89 45 63 -6 1.16 3 Francesville 87 43 63 -4 0.80 4 Valparaiso_AP_I 82 42 63 -4 0.51 2 Wanatah 84 40 62 -4 0.52 3 67 Winamac 85 44 63 -5 1.44 4 North Central(2) Plymouth 81 42 62 -6 0.36 2 South_Bend 82 41 63 -3 0.71 3 Young_America 86 45 65 -2 1.75 3 Northeast (3) Fort_Wayne 83 43 63 -5 1.06 4 Kendallville 80 43 64 -3 1.68 2 West Central(4) Greencastle 87 43 63 -7 0.67 2 Perrysville 91 46 66 -3 0.35 2 67 Spencer_Ag 89 45 64 -4 0.31 1 Terre_Haute_AFB 90 48 67 -3 0.51 2 W_Lafayette_6NW 93 45 66 -2 2.96 3 72 Central (5) Eagle_Creek_AP 88 50 66 -4 0.48 1 Greenfield 87 44 64 -5 0.88 2 Indianapolis_AP 88 47 67 -3 0.79 2 Indianapolis_SE 86 43 64 -5 1.40 2 Tipton_Ag 87 48 64 -4 2.06 3 71 East Central(6) Farmland 86 44 62 -5 0.93 6 67 New_Castle 88 43 64 -3 0.97 2 Southwest (7) Evansville 91 50 70 -3 0.14 2 Freelandville 89 52 68 -3 0.14 2 Shoals_8S 90 43 65 -5 0.45 2 Stendal 91 50 70 -2 1.33 2 Vincennes_5NE 90 49 68 -2 1.81 4 76 South Central(8) Leavenworth 89 50 66 -4 0.71 3 Oolitic 87 47 65 -4 0.20 2 72 Tell_City 89 51 68 -3 0.46 2 Southeast (9) Brookville 92 46 66 -2 0.66 2 Greensburg 90 50 67 -2 1.53 2 Seymour 88 49 65 -4 0.99 2 ----------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table (Continued) Week ending Sunday June 7, 2009 ------------------------------------------------- | Accumulation |-------------------------------- | April 1, 2009 thru Station | June 7, 2009 |-------------------------------- | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF |-------------------------------- | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |11.34 +2.91 30 532 -99 Francesville | 8.91 +0.76 26 506 -52 Valparaiso_AP_I | 8.63 -0.16 25 525 -4 Wanatah | 9.89 +1.58 27 452 -27 Winamac |10.26 +2.11 33 528 -30 North Central(2)| Plymouth | 8.98 +0.38 34 487 -98 South_Bend | 7.74 -0.19 26 542 +35 Young_America |11.62 +3.55 25 586 +30 Northeast (3) | Fort_Wayne | 9.07 +1.42 30 582 +47 Kendallville | 8.68 +0.74 30 567 +59 West Central(4) | Greencastle |15.67 +6.35 32 572 -113 Perrysville |12.99 +4.10 28 665 +52 Spencer_Ag |14.81 +5.03 32 633 +18 Terre_Haute_AFB |12.35 +3.14 28 772 +94 W_Lafayette_6NW |14.17 +5.73 30 619 +56 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |13.57 +5.06 29 721 +53 Greenfield |15.16 +6.07 31 608 -7 Indianapolis_AP |14.90 +6.39 27 767 +99 Indianapolis_SE |15.41 +6.48 31 623 -22 Tipton_Ag |15.57 +7.05 34 554 +31 East Central(6) | Farmland |11.06 +2.76 34 568 +64 New_Castle |11.54 +2.12 27 565 +46 Southwest (7) | Evansville |13.17 +3.52 31 925 +75 Freelandville |15.76 +5.91 32 753 +39 Shoals_8S |14.62 +4.25 30 672 -14 Stendal |17.53 +6.85 30 919 +145 Vincennes_5NE |16.40 +6.55 34 791 +77 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |13.01 +2.63 38 772 +81 Oolitic |13.24 +3.46 33 680 +46 Tell_City |12.62 +2.04 30 851 +60 Southeast (9) | Brookville | 9.51 +0.14 29 722 +156 Greensburg |12.23 +2.48 29 757 +135 Seymour |13.08 +3.81 30 677 +25 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Copyright 2009: Agricultural Weather Information Service, Inc. All rights reserved. DFN = Departure From Normal GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. For more weather inrformation, visit www.awis.com or call 1-888-798-9955.