in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date June 21, 2009 IN-CW062109 AGRICULTURAL SUMMARY Harvest of the winter wheat crop has begun in some southern counties, according to the Indiana Field Office of USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service. Winter wheat condition declined further during the week due to wind damage, standing water, and disease problems. Most producers with unplanted corn acreage have now decided to switch this acreage to soybeans or to take preventive plantings. Continued rain showers have slowed field work again this past week. Farmers are working against the weather to get soybeans planted, corn side dressed with nitrogen, herbicides applied, and hay cut and baled. FIELD CROPS REPORT There were 2.6 days suitable for field work during the week. Ninety-five percent of the corn crop has emerged compared with 96 percent last year and 99 percent for the 5-year average. Ninety percent of the intended soybean acreage has been planted compared with 89 percent last year and 96 percent for the 5-year average. By area, 98 percent has been planted in the north, 94 percent in the central region, and 70 percent in the south. Seventy-nine percent of the soybean acreage has emerged compared with 78 percent last year and 91 percent for the 5-year average. Virtually all of the winter wheat acreage is headed at this time. Six percent of the wheat acreage has been harvested compared with 5 percent last year and 17 percent for the 5-year average. Winter wheat condition is rated 68 percent good to excellent compared with 73 percent last year at this time. LIVESTOCK, PASTURE AND RANGE REPORT Pasture condition is rated 79 percent good to excellent compared with 71 percent last year at this time. Livestock remain in mostly good condition. Crop Progress Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn Emerged 95 88 96 99 Soybeans Planted 90 84 89 96 Soybeans Emerged 79 66 78 91 Winter Wheat Harvested 6 NA 5 17 Alfalfa - 1st Cutting 84 77 85 90 Crop Condition Table ----------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ----------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 2 8 28 51 11 Soybean 1 7 30 52 10 Pasture 1 4 16 53 26 Winter Wheat 2 7 23 50 18 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable for Fieldwork Table ---------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : ---------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 0 0 0 Short 1 1 4 Adequate 53 60 73 Surplus 46 39 23 Subsoil Very Short 0 0 0 Short 1 1 2 Adequate 63 69 68 Surplus 36 30 30 Days Suitable 2.6 3.2 4.9 Contact Information --Greg Preston, Director --Andy Higgins, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Indiana ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Other Agricultural Comments And News TIME TO PARK THE CORN PLANTERS -Published 18 June 2009 As the latest round of thunderstorms rumble through Indiana today dropping more rain on fields that have had more than their fair share of rainfall this spring, even the most staunch defender of the King of Crops has to admit it is time for most growers to throw in the towel with regards to planting the remainder of their intended corn acres. Monday's USDA report (USDA-NASS, June 15 2009) indicated that 97% of the state's corn crop was planted (not counting any replanting), but southern Indiana was a bit further behind with only 90% of the corn crop being reported as planted. So here it is June 18 and many fields throughout southern Indiana were too wet to plant before today's rainfall added insult to injury. Most agronomists and farmers would agree that the agronomic viability of planting corn through the rest of this month in central and northern Indiana is essentially non-existent. Technically, growers in southern Indiana could continue planting corn through June 30 by using short-season relative hybrid maturities ranging from 103-day (southeast, southcentral) to 110-day (southwest). Realistically, though, the risks associated with planting corn this late in southern Indiana, especially southcentral and southeast Indiana, are great enough that most folks should probably put their corn planters away for the season. The relative hybrid maturities listed above that could be yet planted in southern Indiana are those that should theoretically mature at least by the average date of the first killing frost. For southern Indiana, these dates would be mid- to late-October. Grain that matures that late will not dry very fast in the field and so the harvested grain will require more drying time and expense than usual. Even early-maturity hybrids planted this late incur substantial risk of stressful weather conditions during flowering and grain filling prior to physiological maturity. Pollination that occurs in early to mid-August can easily experience some of the hottest and driest periods of the growing season. The grain filling period following pollination will also experience the often hot stressful periods of late August and early September that can easily result in lower test weight grain and increased risk of price dockage by grain buyers. Significant plant stress during grain filling also greatly increases the risk of the development of stalk rots in response to stalk carbohydrate remobilization to the developing ears to compensate for inadequate photosynthesis rates. Thus, the risk of significant stalk lodging prior to harvest is greater with such late-planted corn. In addition to the risk of grain not maturing completely prior to a killing fall frost, delayed planting of corn greatly increases the risks of foliar diseases such as gray leaf spot (Vincelli, 2009). One of the reasons for this greater risk is the greater likelihood that foliar diseases will become established on relatively younger late-planted corn than normal-planted corn. Unfortunately, the very early-maturity hybrids that would be required for such late planting throughout southern Indiana typically would not have adequate disease resistance for this area of the state. Similarly, the risk of insect damage on later-planted corn can be greater (Hammond, 2009). Any way you look at the decision whether to continue planting corn in southern Indiana, the risks are substantial and the rewards few. Related References Hammond, Ron. 2009. Late Plantings and Insects. Crop Observation Reporting Network, Ohio State Univ. On-line at http://corn.osu.edu/story.php?setissueID =292&storyID=1752 [URL accessed 6/18/09]. Vincelli, Paul. 2009. Increased Risk of Foliar Diseases in Late-Planted Corn. Univ of Kentucky, Grain Crops Update (May 1 2009). On-line at http://graincrops .blogspot.com/2009/05/increased-risk-of-foliar-diseases -in.html [URL accessed 6/18/09]. R.L. (Bob) Nielsen, RL: http://www.kingcorn.org/news/ articles.09/LatePlanting-0618.html Agronomy Dept., Purdue Univ. West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054. Email address: rnielsen at purdue.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------ SOYBEAN RUST UPDATE Thus far in 2009, soybean rust has been observed in five states and 21 counties in the United States and in two states and five municipalities in Mexico. There has been a flurry of soybean rust activity in the last two weeks, with new finds confirmed in Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Some of these finds were on soybean and others on kudzu. Monitoring. Sentinel plots are being used to monitor for soybean rust in North America. These plots, made up of soybean, kudzu patches, or other susceptible hosts (such as yam bean in Mexico), are scouted regularly, generally every week, for soybean rust. In Illinois, 28 sentinel plots are being established across the state in 2009. University of Illinois Extension educators, research personnel from the University of Illinois and Southern Illinois University, and some industry personnel are involved in collecting leaf samples from the sentinel plots in Illinois and sending those to the University of Illinois Plant Clinic, where the samples are examined microscopically for soybean rust and other diseases. As data become available from the plots, they are uploaded onto the Integrated Pest Management--Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education (IPM-PIPE) website, where maps are generated that show where soybean rust has been observed in North America (www.sbrusa.net). Implications for Illinois. Soybean rust has been observed in Illinois every year since 2006. Every confirmation in the state has occurred later in the season (late September and October), so as yet no yield loss has resulted from the disease. For 2009, the risk of soybean rust in Illinois may be slightly elevated, because many soybean fields have been planted later than normal, with some fields not yet planted. Because soybean rust cannot overwinter in IIlinois, spores of the fungus must be moved into the state via weather systems. Even if spores do arrive, the environment must be favorable for infection (frequent rainfall, cloudy weather, heavy dews), and soybean plants must be at a susceptible growth stage (flowering through seed development) for rust to develop and spread. Management. Currently, the only tool available for managing soybean rust is foliar fungicides. Many products are available to Illinois growers, but not all have equal ability to control soybean rust and other diseases. A list of registered products available for soybean rust control is published in the updated online version of Using Foliar Fungicides to Manage Soybean Rust, created by soybean pathologists and agronomists from a number of states. The list of registered fungicides for soybean rust control is in Appendix B; information on product efficacy against soybean rust and other foliar diseases is in the chapter titled "Managing Late-Season Soybean Diseases and Soybean Rust: A Southern Perspective." It is important to know where soybean rust has been observed in North America before making any management decision, so check the soybean rust maps on the IPM-PIPE website regularly. You can also sign up there to receive an e-mail alert when a new soybean rust observation is made.--Car Current soybean rust observation map of the southeastern U.S. and part of Mexico. Current maps are available at www.sbrusa.net. Carl A. Bradley, Asst. Professor, College of Agric., Consumer, and Envir. Sciences, Univ. of Illinois Crop Sciences-Plant Pathology, Turner Hall, 1102 S Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The INDIANA CROP & WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by the USDA, NASS, Indiana Field Office, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite 110, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to the USDA, NASS, Indiana Field Office, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite 110, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday June 21, 2009 ----------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN| Total|Days |Temp ----------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) Chalmers_5W 90 59 72 +1 0.69 3 Francesville 88 56 71 +2 0.78 4 Valparaiso_AP_I 89 53 71 +2 0.98 4 Wanatah 87 50 70 +1 1.50 4 70 Winamac 88 57 72 +2 1.42 5 North Central(2) Plymouth 86 55 70 -2 1.51 3 South_Bend 85 55 70 +0 2.86 3 Young_America 89 59 73 +3 0.71 3 Northeast (3) Fort_Wayne 88 59 73 +3 0.23 3 Kendallville 90 60 73 +4 3.19 3 West Central(4) Greencastle 88 61 73 +1 2.06 3 Perrysville 92 61 74 +3 2.69 4 71 Spencer_Ag 90 64 75 +4 2.54 4 Terre_Haute_AFB 92 64 76 +5 0.78 3 W_Lafayette_6NW 91 59 73 +4 0.80 4 77 Central (5) Eagle_Creek_AP 91 63 75 +3 1.04 3 Greenfield 90 61 74 +2 1.30 3 Indianapolis_AP 91 65 76 +4 1.62 4 Indianapolis_SE 89 63 73 +2 1.05 3 Tipton_Ag 91 60 73 +3 1.27 3 78 East Central(6) Farmland 91 57 72 +3 0.58 3 73 New_Castle 88 59 72 +2 1.53 4 Southwest (7) Evansville 93 67 79 +5 0.62 4 Freelandville 91 64 76 +3 5.37 3 Shoals_8S 91 63 75 +4 1.78 4 Stendal 92 67 78 +4 1.16 5 Vincennes_5NE 95 67 78 +5 1.45 5 77 South Central(8) Leavenworth 91 65 76 +5 0.78 4 Oolitic 89 63 75 +4 1.73 4 75 Tell_City 92 67 78 +4 0.98 4 Southeast (9) Brookville 92 61 75 +5 1.75 4 Greensburg 92 64 76 +5 1.66 4 Seymour 89 63 75 +4 1.04 4 ----------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table (Continued) Week ending Sunday June 21, 2009 ------------------------------------------------- | Accumulation |-------------------------------- | April 1, 2009 thru Station | June 21, 2009 |-------------------------------- | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF |-------------------------------- | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |12.82 +2.63 35 820 -105 Francesville |13.64 +3.52 33 787 -42 Valparaiso_AP_I |11.15 +0.37 34 794 +0 Wanatah |12.84 +2.70 37 706 -36 Winamac |13.45 +3.33 44 803 -26 North Central(2)| Plymouth |12.26 +1.70 43 734 -132 South_Bend |13.79 +3.90 35 796 +23 Young_America |14.90 +5.08 31 879 +45 Northeast (3) | Fort_Wayne |11.39 +2.06 37 870 +54 Kendallville |13.19 +3.42 39 850 +79 West Central(4) | Greencastle |20.55 +9.54 39 870 -121 Perrysville |18.17 +7.32 39 985 +79 Spencer_Ag |20.17 +8.57 42 953 +48 Terre_Haute_AFB |15.66 +4.88 35 1114 +130 W_Lafayette_6NW |16.74 +6.60 40 921 +80 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |17.64 +7.57 37 1052 +78 Greenfield |20.16 +9.51 38 917 +8 Indianapolis_AP |20.45 +10.38 36 1106 +132 Indianapolis_SE |22.80 +12.46 40 925 -23 Tipton_Ag |19.11 +8.99 39 855 +56 East Central(6) | Farmland |13.19 +2.93 41 865 +96 New_Castle |14.88 +3.64 34 851 +60 Southwest (7) | Evansville |15.18 +3.96 37 1315 +119 Freelandville |22.18 +10.67 38 1098 +68 Shoals_8S |20.10 +7.90 37 1002 +16 Stendal |21.55 +8.96 37 1294 +193 Vincennes_5NE |20.11 +8.60 41 1160 +130 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |15.53 +3.23 46 1115 +126 Oolitic |16.11 +4.51 41 1002 +78 Tell_City |14.87 +2.43 35 1217 +99 Southeast (9) | Brookville |12.83 +1.86 36 1050 +208 Greensburg |17.56 +6.20 39 1098 +189 Seymour |14.69 +3.85 38 997 +53 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Copyright 2009: Agricultural Weather Information Service, Inc. All rights reserved. DFN = Departure From Normal GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. For more weather inrformation, visit www.awis.com or call 1-888-798-9955.