in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date June 28, 2009 IN-CW062809 AGRICULTURAL SUMMARY The recent warm temperatures coupled with adequate topsoil moisture has spurred growth and development in the major field crops, according to the Indiana Field Office of USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service. However, the warm weather has also allowed a considerable amount of weeds to grow as many farmers are still running behind with herbicide applications. Winter wheat harvest continues to move northward with varying yields and test weights being reported. Planting of soybeans continues in many areas. Some operations are still finishing first cuttings of hay while others have already begun working on second cuttings. A few producers are still setting tobacco in southeastern counties. FIELD CROPS REPORT There were 5.0 days suitable for field work during the week. Ninety-eight percent of the corn crop has emerged compared with 99 percent last year and 100 percent for the 5-year average. Corn condition is rated 62 percent good to excellent compared with 59 percent last year at this time. Ninety-four percent of the intended soybean acreage has been planted compared with 95 percent last year and 99 percent for the 5-year average. Eighty-eight percent of the soybean acreage has emerged compared with 88 percent last year and 96 percent for the 5-year average. Thirty-two percent of the wheat acreage has been harvested compared with 23 percent last year and 37 percent for the 5-year average. Winter wheat condition is rated 64 percent good to excellent compared with 77 percent last year at this time. LIVESTOCK, PASTURE AND RANGE REPORT Pasture condition is rated 77 percent good to excellent compared with 70 percent last year at this time. Livestock remain in mostly good condition. Crop Progress Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn Emerged 98 95 99 100 Soybeans Planted 94 90 95 99 Soybeans Emerged 88 79 88 96 Winter Wheat Harvested 32 6 23 37 Alfalfa - 1st Cutting 93 84 94 97 Crop Condition Table ----------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ----------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 2 8 28 50 12 Soybean 1 7 29 52 11 Pasture 1 5 17 51 26 Winter Wheat 1 9 26 49 15 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable for Fieldwork Table ---------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : ---------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 0 0 0 Short 7 1 6 Adequate 69 53 68 Surplus 24 46 26 Subsoil Very Short 0 0 0 Short 4 1 3 Adequate 73 63 67 Surplus 23 36 30 Days Suitable 5.0 2.6 4.4 Contact Information --Greg Preston, Director --Andy Higgins, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Indiana ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Other Agricultural Comments And News JAPANESE BEETLES EMERGING * Grub feeding is mostly over, now it's the beetle's turn. * Watch for activity on soybean, and later on corn silks. Yesterday at the Diagnostic Training Center, we dug up one Japanese beetle grub and pupa, and back on campus one beetle was observed. The good news is that the grub stage of this species has, or soon will, stop feeding. The bad news of course is that the voracious beetle is beginning to emerge. This year’s adults are the result of eggs that were laid by female beetles last summer. After these eggs hatched in mid to late summer, the grubs immediately began to feed on roots and decaying organic matter in the soil. They continued feeding until cold temperatures prompted them to move deeper in the soil profile to overwinter. Early this spring, the surviving grubs returned to near the soil surface to feed. Spring root-feeding by the grubs can result in serious damage to early-planted crops, especially corn. Though expected because of the cool, wet conditions this spring, we have heard of very few grub problems this year, which underscores the unpredictability of this insect. Japanese beetles will feed on more than 350 different species of plants, but are especially fond of roses, grapes, smartweed, soybeans, corn silks, flowers of all kinds, and overripe fruit. Beetle damage to cultivated crops is often minimal and defoliation (leaf removal) on soybean usually looks much worse than it is. The beetles often congregate in several areas of a soybean field - often field borders - feeding on and mating in the upper canopy. The beetles’ iridescent, metallic color and their proximity to the field edge catches the attention of those doing “windshield” field inspections. Closer inspections will often reveal that weeds such as smartweed have made fields even more attractive to the beetles. Look for more on this pest in future issues of Pest & Crop. John Obermeyer, Christian Krupke, and Larry Bledsoe, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 100 Smith Hall, West Lafayette, IN. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ GET TO THE ROOT (WORM) OF THE PROBLEM * High-risk fields should be evaluated for rootworm larvae and damage. * Insecticide efficacy on early-planted corn may be suspect. * Larval sampling procedures are outlined. * Rescue treatment guidelines are given below. Rootworm larvae have been hatching and seeking corn roots for a few weeks in northern counties and even longer in southern counties. When first hatched the larvae are seldom observed because they are very small and live mostly within the roots. As they increase in size, they will feed both inside and outside roots, causing tunneling and pruning. It would be prudent to sample roots of plants in high-risk fields, especially where insecticide efficacy is in question. To sample for rootworms, use a shovel and lift out the root mass and surrounding soil and place on a dark surface (black plastic garbage bags work well). Carefully break up the clods and sort through the soil. Look for 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, slender, creamy-white larvae with brownish-black heads and tails. Once the soil has been separated from the root mass, inspect it for root scarring and pruning. You may find the larvae under the leaf collars that are close to nodal roots; tear these leaves away to check. Rootworms are often observed sticking out of roots. Repeat the process with several plants, representing different areas of a field. An average of two or more larvae per plant represents a rootworm population and signals the need for a rescue cultivation application. Insecticides applied after planting should be directed toward the base of the plant. It is also important to throw soil up around plants to incorporate the insecticide and promote the establishment of brace roots. A good brace root system will help prevent plant lodging and reduce yield losses due to rootworm feeding. If a no-till field has an economic population of larvae, placing the insecticide on top of the ground will usually not be effective. The only exception may be if the soil insecticide is watered in through irrigation or rainfall (ideally ½" or more). Two liquid soil insecticides, Furadan 4F (2009 is the last year for use of this product) and Lorsban 4E, are labeled for post-emergent applications. If one decides to mix the insecticide with a liquid nitrogen source for a side-dress application, compatibility checks should be made. Broadcasting the insecticide will greatly diminish rootworm efficacy. Christian Krupke, John Obermeyer, and Larry Bledsoe, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 100 Smith Hall, West Lafayette, IN 47907. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The INDIANA CROP & WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by the USDA, NASS, Indiana Field Office, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite 110, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to the USDA, NASS, Indiana Field Office, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite 110, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday June 28, 2009 ----------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN| Total|Days |Temp ---------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) Chalmers_5W 93 61 78 +6 0.98 4 Francesville 91 58 78 +7 0.37 2 Valparaiso_AP_I 93 60 79 +9 0.03 1 Wanatah 94 57 78 +8 0.08 1 82 Winamac 92 61 78 +8 0.19 3 71 North Central(2) Plymouth 93 59 78 +7 0.25 2 South_Bend 93 60 79 +9 0.00 0 Young_America 92 59 77 +6 0.34 2 Northeast (3) Fort_Wayne 95 63 79 +7 0.38 2 Kendallville 97 61 79 +9 0.15 1 West Central(4) Greencastle 90 59 76 +3 0.96 2 Perrysville 94 62 80 +8 0.63 3 79 Spencer_Ag 91 65 79 +7 2.05 2 Terre_Haute_AFB 93 63 81 +8 0.24 3 W_Lafayette_6NW 94 61 79 +8 0.63 1 84 Central (5) Eagle_Creek_AP 92 67 81 +7 0.50 2 Greenfield 92 64 79 +6 0.60 1 Indianapolis_AP 93 66 81 +8 0.26 3 Indianapolis_SE 91 61 78 +4 0.29 2 Tipton_Ag 94 60 78 +6 0.54 2 86 East Central(6) Farmland 94 61 78 +7 0.77 1 81 New_Castle 90 62 76 +5 0.54 3 Southwest (7) Evansville 97 71 85 +9 0.05 1 Freelandville 92 70 82 +8 0.00 0 Shoals_8S 92 65 79 +6 1.25 1 Stendal 96 69 84 +9 0.00 0 Vincennes_5NE 96 70 83 +9 0.01 1 South Central(8) Leavenworth 92 68 80 +8 0.99 3 Oolitic 91 66 79 +7 1.90 3 82 Tell_City 93 69 82 +7 0.60 2 Southeast (9) Brookville 93 65 78 +7 0.60 2 Greensburg 93 66 80 +8 0.67 3 Seymour 90 66 78 +6 1.10 2 ----------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table (Continued) Week ending Sunday June 28, 2009 ------------------------------------------------- | Accumulation |-------------------------------- | April 1, 2009 thru Station | June 28, 2009 |-------------------------------- | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF |-------------------------------- | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |13.80 +2.77 39 1016 -69 Francesville |14.01 +2.91 35 985 +7 Valparaiso_AP_I |11.18 -0.58 35 999 +57 Wanatah |12.92 +1.80 38 902 +14 Winamac |11.11 +0.01 37 993 +15 North Central(2)| Plymouth |12.51 +0.93 45 933 -88 South_Bend |13.79 +2.92 35 1002 +81 Young_America |15.24 +4.54 33 1068 +81 Northeast (3) | Fort_Wayne |11.77 +1.60 39 1074 +102 Kendallville |13.34 +2.66 40 1054 +138 West Central(4) | Greencastle |21.51 +9.57 41 1056 -102 Perrysville |18.80 +6.97 42 1199 +132 Spencer_Ag |22.22 +9.67 44 1158 +93 Terre_Haute_AFB |15.90 +4.24 38 1332 +181 W_Lafayette_6NW |17.37 +6.32 41 1125 +131 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |18.14 +7.21 39 1267 +127 Greenfield |20.76 +9.21 39 1118 +47 Indianapolis_AP |20.71 +9.78 39 1324 +184 Indianapolis_SE |23.09 +11.94 42 1120 +6 Tipton_Ag |19.65 +8.69 41 1051 +100 East Central(6) | Farmland |13.96 +2.74 42 1059 +143 New_Castle |15.42 +3.27 37 1033 +92 Southwest (7) | Evansville |15.23 +3.21 38 1560 +176 Freelandville |22.18 +9.83 38 1320 +118 Shoals_8S |21.35 +8.22 38 1204 +53 Stendal |21.55 +8.05 37 1530 +251 Vincennes_5NE |20.12 +7.77 42 1393 +191 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |16.52 +3.24 49 1329 +177 Oolitic |18.01 +5.50 44 1206 +123 Tell_City |15.47 +2.05 37 1440 +144 Southeast (9) | Brookville |13.43 +1.61 38 1250 +255 Greensburg |18.23 +6.03 42 1309 +244 Seymour |15.79 +4.09 40 1193 +89 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Copyright 2009: Agricultural Weather Information Service, Inc. All rights reserved. DFN = Departure From Normal GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. For more weather inrformation, visit www.awis.com or call 1-888-798-9955.