in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date June 16, 2002 Issue IN-CW2402 Agricultural Summary Frequent showers during the week hindered farmers efforts to finish planting activities in many areas of the state, according to the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service. Thunderstorms popped up in some areas. The best progress for fieldwork was made during the weekend. Most farmers were planting soybeans, spraying for weed control, side dressing corn and trying to get hay cut and baled during the week. Many farmers were not able to plant their intended corn acreage this year, especially in river bottom fields. Soybean planting is 16 days behind the average pace. Winter wheat harvest is underway in the southwestern area of the state. Field Crops Report There were 4.2 days suitable for fieldwork. Ninety-seven percent of the corn acreage is planted compared with 100 percent last year and 99 percent for the 5-year average. By area, 99 percent of the corn acreage is planted in the north, 98 percent in the central regions and 92 percent in the south. Eighty-eight percent of the corn acreage has emerged compared with 100 percent a year earlier. Corn condition is rated 56 percent good to excellent compared with 56 percent last week and 71 percent last year at this time. Eighty-six percent of the intended soybean acreage is planted compared with 99 percent a year ago and 96 percent for the average. By area, 94 percent of the soybean acreage is planted in the north, 89 percent in the central regions and 71 percent in the south. Seventy percent of the soybean acreage has emerged compared with 98 percent a year earlier. Soybean condition is rated 61 percent good to excellent compared with 58 percent last week and 60 percent a year earlier. Other activities during the week included mowing roadsides, cleaning up and repairing equipment and taking care of livestock. Ninety-nine percent of the winter wheat acreage has headed. Winter wheat condition is rated 52 percent good to excellent, below the 54 percent last week and below the 66 percent a year ago. First cutting of alfalfa hay is 73 percent complete compared with 78 percent last year and 78 percent for the average. Transplanting of tobacco is 68 percent complete compared with 72 percent last year and 66 percent for the average. Livestock, Pasture and Range Report Pasture condition is rated 21 percent excellent, 62 percent good, 15 percent fair and 2 percent poor. Livestock remain in mostly good condition. Crop Progress Table -------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg -------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn Planted 97 92 100 99 Corn Emerged 88 72 100 NA Soybeans Planted 86 72 99 96 Soybeans Emerged 70 45 98 NA Winter Wheat Harvested 2 0 8 5 Tobacco Plants Set 68 48 72 66 Alfalfa First Cutting 73 53 78 78 Crop Condition Table -------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent -------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 1 8 35 50 6 Soybean 1 7 31 56 5 Pasture 0 2 15 62 21 Winter Wheat 2002 3 14 31 43 9 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable For Fieldwork Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : Week : Week : Year ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 0 0 1 Short 3 3 7 Adequate 64 58 75 Surplus 33 39 17 Subsoil Very Short 0 0 4 Short 1 1 15 Adequate 67 61 71 Surplus 32 38 10 Days Suitable 4.2 4.2 5.2 Contact information --Ralph W. Gann, State Statistician --Bud Bever, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/in/index.htm Other Agricultural Comments And News Wet Soil Conditions - Delayed Soybean Planting * Continued rains equate to delayed soybean planting. * The date is approaching to consider changing to an earlier maturity group of soybean. The Indiana Crop & Weather Report for the week ending June 9, 2002 indicates that more than one-fourth of the acreage intended for soybeans has yet to be planted, about 18 days behind normal. Rain fall reported across Indiana this past week has been more intense across southern Indiana with most reporting stations having one to two inches for the week with some areas receiving one-half to more than an inch since Sunday. In general, total rainfall across the southern one-half of Indiana is running from about 5 to more that 10 inches above normal for the year to date. Soybean planting obviously has been delayed, with only 52% of the acreage being planted in southern Indiana. Delayed planting has less effect on the yield of soybeans than on corn. Unlike corn, which requires a certain number of growing degree days to mature, soybeans are sensitive to day length and as the daylength shortens later in the growing season, maturity speeds up. As a general rule of thumb, for each three days planting is delayed, harvest is delayed one day. The table below is a comparison of the yield reduction experienced by corn and soybeans as planting is delayed. As yield levels of soybeans have increased over the past ten years or so, the percentage yield loss has increased slightly. For example, data from a recent study, given in the graph (can be viewed at: http://www.entm .purdue.edu/entomology/ext/targets/p&c/P&C2002/P&C13_2002.pdf [pg. 4]), indicates that the reductions in yield for May 20 and June 10 are about 0.5% per day. Yield losses for the period from June 11 to June 30 are about 1.4 bushels per day for each day of delay after June 10. We are approaching the date where planting has been delayed enough to consider changing maturity groups. It is advisable to stay with a full-season variety of soybeans for your particular area until about June 15 in the northern one-fourth of Indiana, June 20 for the central one half of Indiana and June 25 in southern Indiana one-fourth of the state. Full season soybeans will almost always give a higher yield than shorter season varieties for a given geographic area even when planting is modestly delayed. Once June 15 has been reached in Northern, June 20 in central and June 25 in southern Indiana, producers should move from a full season variety of soybeans to a mid season variety for their respective area. This will equate to a change of one-half maturity group assuming that a full season variety is being grown. Additionally, seeding rates should be increased by 15 to 20 percent to promote shading and taller plants to increase podding height and nodes per acre. A commonly used rule of thumb for a cutoff date to stop planting soybeans is 90 days prior to the first 32 degree frost for a given area within the state. Using a 25 % probability, or one in four years of a 32 degree or lower temperature, the magical date for the Bluffton area in northeastern Indiana is June 30, while in the Lafayette area it is July 5. Soybean planting should cease in most of the southern half of Indiana by July 10 except for the southwest corner where planting can occur up to July 15. Ellsworth P. Christmas, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University. May 21 May 26 May 31 June 5 June 10 June 30 Corn 5% 8% 13% 19% 25% Soybeans 0 2% 4% 7% 10% 38% Weather Information Table Week Ending Sunday June 16, 2002 --------------------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|-----------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN|Total |Days|Temp ------------------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Valparaiso_AP_I |89 53 71 +3 0.24 3 Wanatah |90 51 70 +2 0.31 4 73 Wheatfield |89 50 70 +2 0.35 3 Winamac |88 51 69 +0 0.86 5 73 North Central(2)| Chalmers_5W |92 52 70 -1 1.35 5 Plymouth |89 53 70 -1 0.44 5 South_Bend |88 51 69 +1 0.25 3 Young_America |89 54 70 +2 1.03 5 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |88 49 69 +2 0.52 4 71 Fort_Wayne |89 51 71 +1 0.74 4 West Central (4)| Greencastle |86 52 70 -2 1.34 4 Perrysville |88 54 70 +0 2.98 6 73 Terre_Haute_AFB |90 54 73 +2 0.80 4 W_Lafayette_6NW |89 54 71 +3 1.04 6 72 Central (5) | Brookville |87 56 72 +4 0.92 4 Eagle_Creek_AP |86 56 72 +1 2.32 6 Greenfield |88 55 72 +2 1.80 5 Indianapolis_AP |88 54 72 +1 1.51 5 Indianapolis_SE |87 53 71 +0 1.43 6 Tipton_Ag |88 53 70 +1 0.82 4 72 East Central (6)| Farmland |89 53 71 +4 0.28 3 69 New_Castle |84 52 69 -1 0.59 3 Southwest (7) | Evansville |89 62 76 +3 0.65 2 Freelandville |88 57 74 +3 1.30 4 Shoals |88 55 73 +2 1.28 4 Stendal |87 55 74 +2 1.25 3 Vincennes_5NE |90 56 75 +4 1.62 5 74 South Central(8)| Spencer_Ag |87 53 72 +2 1.11 4 Tell_City |90 62 77 +5 1.10 3 Southeast (9) | Milan_5NE |85 53 70 +0 0.95 5 Scottsburg |87 56 72 +0 0.57 4 ------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------- | Accumulation | April 1, 2002 thru Station | June 16, 2002 | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Valparaiso_AP_I |10.48 +0.43 31 709 +15 Wanatah |10.91 +1.43 35 648 +5 Wheatfield | 9.64 +0.29 31 692 +20 Winamac |10.73 +1.32 38 674 -54 North Central(2)| Chalmers_5W |10.11 +0.52 40 722 -93 Plymouth |11.60 +1.74 37 628 -133 South_Bend | 9.78 +0.59 36 664 -9 Young_America |11.77 +2.60 35 767 +37 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |10.59 +1.29 36 631 -2 Fort_Wayne |11.87 +3.14 33 743 +33 West Central (4)| Greencastle |16.72 +6.32 36 778 -99 Perrysville |17.04 +6.89 39 816 +20 Terre_Haute_AFB |24.69 +14.49 39 962 +92 W_Lafayette_6NW |15.60 +6.08 42 790 +53 Central (5) | Brookville |17.88 +7.47 33 895 +157 Eagle_Creek_AP |15.02 +5.52 38 898 +38 Greenfield |17.16 +7.08 41 837 +38 Indianapolis_AP |15.22 +5.72 35 951 +91 Indianapolis_SE |15.92 +6.09 34 844 +9 Tipton_Ag |12.32 +2.80 36 737 +42 East Central (6)| Farmland |11.87 +2.31 40 768 +99 New_Castle |14.63 +4.04 32 659 -30 Southwest (7) | Evansville |15.97 +5.30 30 1203 +136 Freelandville |17.42 +6.49 30 1002 +90 Shoals |18.70 +7.15 31 945 +71 Stendal |19.11 +7.17 30 1080 +101 Vincennes_5NE |18.82 +7.89 34 1041 +129 South Central(8)| Spencer_Ag |18.20 +7.25 40 831 +35 Tell_City |17.48 +5.70 25 1270 +274 Southeast (9) | Milan_5NE |21.48 +11.07 39 771 +33 Scottsburg |18.48 +7.87 35 954 +45 ------------------------------------------------------------- DFN = Departure From Normal (Using 1961-90 Normals Period). GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright 2002: AWIS, Inc. All rights reserved. The above weather information is provided by AWIS, Inc. For detailed ag weather forecasts and data visit the AWIS home page at www.awis.com or call toll free at 1-888-798-9955. The INDIANA CROP WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Second Class postage paid at Lafayette IN. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Source: Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service