in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date May 9, 2004 Issue IN-CW1904 Agricultural Summary Farmers had another good week for planting corn and soybeans, according to the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service. Rain and wet soils slowed field activities in portions of the state. However, soils remain dry in some areas, especially in the northern and some central regions. Planting progress has been slow in the south central and southeastern districts. Baling of both grass and alfalfa hay is underway in the southern regions. Corn planting fell behind the previous record pace established in 2001 but is far ahead of both last year and the average pace. Soybean planting is 4 days behind the record pace established in 2001, but is 8 days ahead of the average pace. Field Crops Report There were 4.6 days suitable for fieldwork. Eighty-seven percent of the intended corn acreage is planted compared with 56 percent for last year and 58 percent for the 5-year average. Forty-four percent of the corn acreage has emerged compared with 26 percent last year and 23 percent for the average. Corn stands look good in most fields. By area, 88 percent of the corn is planted in the north, 89 percent in the central region and 77 percent in the south. Forty-eight percent of the intended soybean acreage is planted compared with 20 percent last year and 29 percent for the average. By area, 56 percent of the soybean acreage is planted in the north, 52 percent in the central region and 26 percent in the south. Ninety-four percent of the winter wheat acreage is jointed compared with 91 percent last year and 97 percent for the 5-year average. Twenty-nine percent of the winter wheat is headed compared with 27 percent last year and 31 percent for the average. Winter wheat condition is rated 84 percent good to excellent compared with 79 percent last year at this time. Major activities during the week were tillage of soils, nitrogen application, spreading fertilizer, spraying chemicals, repairing equipment, grain and livestock marketing, hauling manure and taking care of livestock. Livestock, Pasture and Range Report Pasture condition is rated 14 percent excellent, 65 percent good, 18 percent fair, 2 percent poor and 1 percent very poor. Livestock are in mostly good condition. Cattle are gaining weight as pastures continue to improve. Crop Progress Table ----------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ----------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn Planted 87 70 56 58 Corn Emerged 44 20 26 23 Soybean Planted 48 23 20 29 Winter Wheat Jointed 94 80 91 97 Winter Wheat Headed 29 11 27 31 Tobacco Plants Set 1 NA 2 1 Crop Condition Table ------------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ------------------------------------------------------------- Percent Pasture 1 2 18 65 14 Winter Wheat 2004 0 2 14 62 22 Winter Wheat 2003 1 3 17 55 24 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable For Fieldwork Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 3 4 0 Short 14 13 1 Adequate 71 59 27 Surplus 12 24 72 Subsoil Very Short 4 3 0 Short 17 20 7 Adequate 71 66 56 Surplus 8 11 37 Days Suitable 4.6 4.4 0.6 Contact information --Greg Preston, State Director --Bud Bever, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/in/index.htm ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Agricultural Comments And News WHEAT CONDITION AND THE POTENTIAL OF COLD INJURY TO THE WHEAT PLANT * Wheat condition very good across the entire state. * Low temperatures and potential damage to wheat. The Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service in their 'Indiana Crop and Weather Report' for the week ending on May 2 rated 86% of the wheat crop as good to excellent. They report that 80% of the wheat crop is jointed and 11% is headed. On the morning of May 3 and/or 4, seven stations across northern and central Indiana reported low temperatures between 26 and 31º F. Six stations reported temperatures of 26 or 31º F on May 3 and five on May 4, 2004. The stage of growth of the wheat varied from head stage in southwestern Indiana to early joint stage in northern Indiana. Once wheat has reached the boot stage, temperatures at or below 28º F for a period of two or more hours can result in freeze damage to the wheat plant. Symptoms of this injury may include floret sterility, head entrapment, stem damage or leaf discoloration. From emergence of the head until early milk stage, temperatures at or below 30º F for a period of two or more hours can result in freeze damage to the wheat plant. This damage can be characterized by floret sterility, white awns or heads, stem damage or leaf discoloration. The extent of the injury is dependent on the actual temperature and length of time the plant was subjected to the low temperature. The temperatures reported above may not represent the actual temperatures in the field at the level of the developing wheat heads. It is not unusual for the temperature at the level of the heads to be 4 to 5 degrees colder than the temperatures at the official height of the recording thermometer. It is not possible to confirm freeze damage to wheat until the plant has had at least 5 days to continue to grow and develop. Table 1 below gives a summary of the temperature required to cause freeze injury to the wheat plant at various stage of growth and the symptom most likely to be evident. TABLE 1. Temperatures that cause freeze injury to wheat at spring growth stages and symptoms and yield effect of spring freeze injury. Growth Approximate injurious Primary symptoms stage Yield temperature effect (two hours) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tillering 12F(-11C) Leaf chlorosis; Slight to burning of leaf tips; moderate silage odor; blue cast to field Jointing 24F(-4C) Death of growing point; Moderate leaf yellowing or burning; to severe lesions, splitting, or bending of lower stems; odor odor Boot 28F(-2C) Floret sterility; head Moderate trapped in boot; to severe damage to lower stem; leaf discoloration; odor Heading 30F(-1C) Floret sterility; white Severe awns or white heads; damage to lower stem; leaf discoloration Flowering 30F(-1C) Floret sterility; white Severe awns or white heads; damage to lower stem; leaf discoloration Milk 28F(-2C) White awns or white Moderate heads; damage to to severe lower stems; leaf discoloration; shrunken, roughened, or discolored kernels Dough 28F(-2C) Shriveled, discolored Slight to kernels; poor moderate germination Ellsworth P. Christmas and Charles W. Mansfield, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University. Weather Information Table Week Ending Sunday May 9, 2004 --------------------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN|Total |Days |Temp ------------------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |89 33 57 -3 0.50 2 57 Valparaiso_AP_I |90 31 56 -2 0.18 2 Wanatah |90 26 53 -3 0.17 2 59 Wheatfield |86 28 57 +0 1.28 5 Winamac |88 29 56 -2 1.22 4 North Central(2)| Plymouth |88 27 54 -4 1.06 3 South_Bend |87 29 57 +0 0.07 1 Young_America |89 32 58 +1 0.21 1 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |85 27 54 -3 1.37 3 Fort_Wayne |85 31 56 -2 1.11 2 West Central (4)| Greencastle |85 32 58 -3 0.06 2 Perrysville |89 37 61 +3 0.02 2 61 Spencer_Ag |86 38 60 +2 0.11 1 Terre_Haute_AFB |87 37 62 +3 0.05 1 W_Lafayette_6NW |88 33 58 +1 0.17 1 64 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |84 37 59 -1 0.01 1 Greenfield |85 36 59 +0 0.04 1 Indianapolis_AP |85 37 60 +1 0.04 2 Indianapolis_SE |84 35 59 -1 0.07 2 Tipton_Ag |86 35 57 +0 0.06 2 East Central (6)| Farmland |86 32 57 +1 0.08 2 New_Castle |82 33 55 -3 0.06 1 Southwest (7) | Evansville |93 40 64 +3 0.56 4 Freelandville |85 42 62 +2 0.01 1 Shoals |86 39 62 +2 0.19 2 Stendal |86 42 64 +3 0.02 1 Vincennes_5NE |86 39 62 +3 0.60 3 56 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |86 38 62 +3 0.07 1 Oolitic |83 34 59 +0 0.09 1 54 Tell_City |86 42 65 +3 0.03 1 Southeast (9) | Brookville |86 34 57 -1 0.14 2 Milan_5NE |85 35 58 +0 0.12 1 Scottsburg |85 38 60 -1 0.14 2 --------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday May 9, 2004 ----------------|-------------------------------- | Accumulation |-------------------------------- | April 1, 2004 thru Station | May 9, 2004 |-------------------------------- | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF |-------------------------------- | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W | 2.60 -2.22 7 223 +17 Valparaiso_AP_I | 1.78 -3.32 8 225 +68 Wanatah | 1.76 -3.13 9 190 +62 Wheatfield | 5.94 +1.16 19 206 +67 Winamac | 3.15 -1.55 12 223 +54 North Central(2)| Plymouth | 2.60 -2.38 11 196 +15 South_Bend | 1.35 -3.39 10 248 +105 Young_America | 2.14 -2.42 7 246 +83 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City | 3.14 -1.48 12 194 +67 Fort_Wayne | 3.15 -1.22 11 230 +77 West Central (4)| Greencastle | 1.65 -3.43 11 238 +7 Perrysville | 2.81 -2.24 8 293 +98 Spencer_Ag | 3.43 -1.98 14 258 +58 Terre_Haute_AFB | 1.84 -3.39 8 324 +94 W_Lafayette_6NW | 2.44 -2.46 7 264 +95 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP | 2.08 -2.79 10 287 +68 Greenfield | 2.18 -3.18 13 248 +60 Indianapolis_AP | 2.27 -2.60 11 315 +96 Indianapolis_SE | 2.51 -2.59 11 266 +62 Tipton_Ag | 2.41 -2.66 10 218 +74 East Central (6)| Farmland | 3.16 -1.50 14 220 +83 New_Castle | 2.74 -2.67 12 175 +33 Southwest (7) | Evansville | 3.64 -1.78 12 403 +75 Freelandville | 2.24 -3.10 12 324 +74 Shoals | 4.25 -1.36 15 324 +80 Stendal | 3.06 -2.90 10 370 +86 Vincennes_5NE | 3.42 -1.92 14 350 +100 South Central(8)| Leavenworth | 6.25 +0.26 14 319 +69 Oolitic | 4.34 -1.05 16 274 +59 Tell_City | 6.41 +0.17 14 408 +111 Southeast (9) | Brookville | 4.70 -0.49 14 241 +66 Milan_5NE | 5.06 -0.13 18 258 +83 Scottsburg | 6.57 +1.08 17 303 +50 ------------------------------------------------------------- DFN = Departure From Normal (Using 1961-90 Normals Period). GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright 2004: AWIS, Inc. All rights reserved. The above weather information is provided by AWIS, Inc. For detailed ag weather forecasts and data visit the AWIS home page at www.awis.com or call toll free at 1-888-798-9955. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- The INDIANA CROP WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Second Class postage paid at Lafayette IN. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Source: Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service