in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date May 30, 2004 Issue IN-CW2204 Agricultural Summary Another week of rain and wet soil conditions slowed major field activities, according to the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service. Heavy rain, and strong winds occurred during the week in many areas of the state, especially during the weekend. Tornadoes and hail caused damage in a few isolated areas. Ponding has occurred in low lying areas of many corn and soybean fields. Flooding of river bottoms will be a major problem for crops. Weeds remain a problem in fields not yet planted. First cutting of hay crops has been difficult thus far this year. Field Crops Report There were 2.1 days suitable for fieldwork. Most of the intended corn acreage is planted, but some replanting may be necessary because of drowned out areas and flooding. Ninety-six percent of the corn acreage has emerged compared with 66 percent last year and 76 percent for the average. Eighty-four percent of the intended soybean acreage is planted compared with 56 percent last year and 73 percent for the average. Seventy-five percent of the soybean acreage has emerged compared with 32 percent last year and 55 percent for the average. By area, 90 percent of the soybean acreage is planted in the north, 88 percent in the central region and 65 percent in the south. Ninety-seven percent of the winter wheat is headed compared with 92 percent last year and 95 percent for the average. Winter wheat condition declined and is rated 75 percent good to excellent compared with 78 percent last year at this time. Some wheat fields have been damaged by wind and standing water. Setting of tobacco plants is 18 percent complete compared with 13 percent last year and 32 percent for average. First cutting of alfalfa hay is 25 percent complete compared with 26 percent last year and 35 percent for the average. Major activities during the week were tillage of soils, spraying herbicides, scouting fields, repairing equipment, moving grain to market, hauling manure and taking care of livestock. Livestock, Pasture and Range Report Pasture condition is rated 20 percent excellent, 63 percent good, 14 percent fair, 2 percent poor and 1 percent very poor. Livestock are in mostly good condition. Feedlots are muddy. Crop Progress Table ----------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ----------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn Emerged 96 88 66 76 Soybeans Planted 84 78 56 73 Soybeans Emerged 75 61 32 55 Winter Wheat Headed 97 92 92 95 Alfalfa First Cutting 25 16 26 35 Tobacco Plants Set 18 14 13 32 Crop Condition Table ------------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ------------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 2 3 13 59 23 Winter Wheat 2004 1 4 20 57 18 Pasture 1 2 14 63 20 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable For Fieldwork Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 0 0 0 Short 1 2 3 Adequate 47 65 67 Surplus 52 33 30 Subsoil Very Short 1 2 0 Short 5 10 6 Adequate 65 71 67 Surplus 29 17 27 Days Suitable 2.1 2.5 4.3 Contact information --Greg Preston, Director --Bud Bever, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/in/index.htm ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Agricultural Comments And News POSTEMERGENCE GRASS CONTROL IN CORN With the recent wet, rainy weather and warm air temperatures, corn is progressing rapidly through it's early growth stages. In fact it is growing so rapidly that it may grow past the latest growth stage allowed by several postemergence herbicides quicker than we realize. Although several of the postemergence grass herbicides are effective on large weeds, an important point to keep in mind is that most of these herbicides should be applied before the grass weeds are 4 inches tall (except for shattercane and johnsongrass) to assure the most effective control and to minimize yield losses due to weed interference. If soil-applied herbicides are not adequately controlling grassy weeds or if one is utilizing postemergence strategies for grass control, several herbicides are available that are labeled for postemergence grass control in corn. To avoid crop injury and yield loss, many of the herbicides that contain an ALS inhibitor (Accent, Basis, Basis Gold, Beacon, Celebrity Plus, Equip, Lightning, Northstar, Option, and Steadfast) should not be broadcast over the top of corn after it has 6 or 7 exposed leaf collars. This is the growth stage of corn when reproductive processes are initiated, and disruption of the physiology of corn at this stage can result in incomplete pollination, malformed ears (pinched ear syndrome) and yield losses. A short discussion of each herbicides growth stage restriction and weed size restriction follows. Accent can be applied as a broadcast spray on corn that is up to 20 inches tall or has up to 6 exposed leaf collars, or it can be applied as a directed spray to corn that is 20 to 36 inches tall or exhibits 9 or fewer exposed leaf collars. Accent controls most annual grasses, except for crabgrass, and also controls johnsongrass and shattercane. The best results will be obtained when it is applied to foxtails, barnyardgrass, and fall panicum 2 to 4 inches tall; shattercane and seedling johnsongrass 4 to 12 inches tall; and rhizome johnsongrass 8 to 18 inches tall. Do not apply to popcorn or seed corn that has been treated with Counter insecticide. Basis can be applied as a broadcast spray on corn in the spike through the 4-leaf or 2-exposed-collar growth stage. Do not apply to corn that has 3 fully exposed leaf collars or is more than 6 inches tall. Apply to foxtails and fall panicum up to 2 inches tall. Do not apply to seed corn, popcorn, or sweet corn. Basis Gold can be applied as a broadcast spray on corn that is up to 12 inches tall or has 6 or fewer exposed leaf collars. These herbicides control most of the same grasses that are controlled by Accent alone, but the Accent rate is lower than typically used with Accent alone. Thus, it should be applied earlier to smaller grass weeds for effective control. Basis Gold has slightly more activity on smooth and large crabgrass than Accent because it contains atrazine. Apply to foxtails, barnyardgrass and fall panicum 3 inches tall or less; shattercane 6 inches tall or less; and seedling johnsongrass 8 inches tall or less. Additional Accent or Beacon can be added either as a tankmix or sequentially for additional activity on shattercane and johnsongrass. Beacon can be applied as a broadcast spray to corn that is between 4 and 20 inches tall or has 2 to 6 exposed leaf collars, or up to tasseling if using drop nozzles. Applications to corn less than 4 inches tall can be injurious to the crop. Beacon provides control of johnsongrass and shattercane but is weaker than Accent, Option, and Steadfast on most annual grasses. Apply to shattercane or seedling johnsongrass 4 to 12 inches tall, and rhizome johnsongrass 8 to 16 inches tall. Celebrity Plus can be applied as a broadcast spray on corn that is between 4 and 24 inches tall. Applications to corn less than 4 inches tall can be injurious to the crop. Since Celebrity contains Accent, it should be applied to foxtails, barnyardgrass, and fall panicum 2 to 4 inches tall; shattercane and seedling johnsongrass 4 to 12 inches tall; and rhizome johnsongrass 8 to 18 inches tall. Equip can be applied as a broadcast spray on corn that has 1 to 4 exposed collars and up 12 inches tall. It can be applied as a directed spray on corn up to 36 inches tall or 8 exposed collars. Apply to foxtails, fall panicum up to three inches tall, barnyardgrass up to 4 inches tall, johnsongrass and shattercane up to 8 inches tall. Liberty can be applied as a broadcast spray on Liberty Link corn that is up to 24 inches tall or has up to 7 exposed leaf collars, or it can be used as a directed spray on corn that is 24 to 36 inches tall. Liberty is very effective on large foxtails up to 10 inches tall, but it can be weak on barnyardgrass and yellow foxtail if they are more than 4 inches tall at application. Apply to shattercane and seedling johnsongrass that is 6 inches or less in height. Liberty ATZ is a premix of Liberty and Atrazine. It can be applied to corn up to 12 inches tall. Lightning can be applied as a broadcast spray on Clearfield corn that is up to 20 inches tall or has 2 to 6 exposed leaf collars or as a directed spray until 45 days before harvest. Lightning controls many of the same grasses as Accent. Apply Lightning to giant foxtail up to 6 inches tall; green and yellow foxtail and fall panicum up to 3 inches tall; and shattercane, seedling and rhizome johnsongrass up to 8 inches tall. Northstar can be applied as a broadcast spray to corn that is between 4 and 20 inches tall or has 2 to 6 exposed leaf collars, or with drop nozzles to corn up to the tasseling stage. Applications to corn less than 4 inches tall can be injurious to the crop. Northstar contains Beacon which provides control of johnsongrass and shattercane but is weaker than Accent, Option, or Steadfast based herbicides on most annual grasses. Apply to shattercane or seedling johnsongrass 4 to 12 inches tall, and rhizome johnsongrass 8 to 16 inches tall. Option can be applied as a broadcast spray to corn that is up to 16 inches tall or has 5 exposed leaf collars. It can be used as a directed spray with drop nozzles on corn that is 16 to 36 inches tall. Option is much like Accent and controls many of our common annual grasses plus johnsongrass and shattercane. The best results will be obtained when it is applied to foxtails, barnyardgrass, and fall panicum 2 to 4 inches tall, and shattercane and johnsongrass 12 to 16 inches tall. Glyphosate (and other glyphosate formulations labeled for Roundup Ready corn) can be applied as a broadcast spray to Roundup Ready corn that is up to 30 inches tall or has 8 exposed leaf collars. Apply to foxtails up to 20 inches tall, and fall panicum, shattercane, and johnsongrass up to 18 inches tall. Steadfast can be applied as a broadcast spray on corn that is up to 20 inches tall or has 6 exposed leaf collars. Steadfast controls many of the same grasses as Accent, but it also has some activity on crabgrass. Apply to foxtails, fall panicum, and barnyardgrass, up to 4 inches tall; johnsongrass, up to 8 inches tall; shattercane, up to 6 inches tall; and crabgrass, up to 1 inch tall. Do not apply to popcorn, seed corn, or sweet corn. Steadfast ATZ is a premix of Steadfast and Atrazine and can be applied on corn up to 12 inches tall or 6 exposed leaf collars, whichever occurs first. Other Considerations: 1) Check the label to determine if these products can be used on popcorn, seed corn, sweet corn. The information presented in this article is specific to use on field corn. 2) Be sure to use the appropriate adjuvant with these products, particularly when tankmixing with other products for broadleaf weed control. Certain adjuvant systems will increase the activity of these herbicides and the potential for crop injury. Occasionally, different adjuvant systems are required for grass: broadleaf tankmixes versus specific products used alone. 3) Check the label to determine if restrictions exist regarding the use of soil or postemergence insecticides with postemergence grass herbicides. Some insecticides slow the corn plants ability to metabolize (or detoxify) these herbicides and crop injury can result. You may not have planned to use a postemergence grass herbicide and use of certain herbicides may not be allowed after certain soil insecticides. 4) This is the time of the year when we will begin to see spray tank contamination problems. If glyphosate was used in the previous load, be sure to properly clean out the tank and empty the sumps. Corn that doesn't not contain the Roundup Ready gene is very sensitive to low rates of glyphosate and the resulting crop injury is sometimes confused with injury from ALS herbicides such as Accent, Option, Steadfast, etc. 5) There are a number of websites available to quickly obtain information from herbicide labels. Bill Johnson, Glenn Nice, and Tom Bauman, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University. Weather Information Table Week Ending Sunday May 30, 2004 --------------------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN|Total |Days |Temp ------------------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |84 45 64 -3 0.40 2 67 Valparaiso_AP_I |80 43 60 -4 0.52 2 Wanatah |82 40 59 -5 0.45 2 66 Wheatfield |80 46 62 -3 2.15 5 Winamac |83 43 62 -4 0.29 2 North Central(2)| Plymouth |85 47 61 -5 0.33 2 South_Bend |81 42 60 -5 0.49 4 Young_America |80 46 65 +0 1.24 3 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |80 47 62 -1 0.94 3 Fort_Wayne |79 48 63 -2 1.01 3 West Central (4)| Greencastle |82 46 68 +2 1.33 6 Perrysville |85 47 68 +3 1.01 5 73 Spencer_Ag |83 51 69 +4 2.92 6 Terre_Haute_AFB |84 51 71 +4 1.95 6 W_Lafayette_6NW |83 44 64 -2 1.35 3 71 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |82 50 69 +3 0.99 5 Greenfield |82 50 68 +3 1.25 5 Indianapolis_AP |83 51 70 +3 1.14 6 Indianapolis_SE |82 49 68 +3 1.54 5 Tipton_Ag |82 47 66 +2 0.69 3 East Central (6)| Farmland |82 51 67 +3 2.03 5 New_Castle |82 50 66 +3 1.14 4 Southwest (7) | Evansville |86 60 74 +5 4.41 4 Freelandville |83 56 71 +4 4.44 5 Shoals |85 55 72 +6 5.25 4 Stendal |85 60 73 +5 4.67 6 Vincennes_5NE |85 56 71 +5 4.79 6 66 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |84 59 72 +6 5.84 6 Oolitic |82 53 70 +5 4.58 6 Tell_City |85 61 74 +6 5.05 6 Southeast (9) | Brookville |85 53 71 +7 0.89 4 Milan_5NE |84 53 70 +6 2.52 6 Scottsburg |84 54 71 +5 8.47 4 --------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday May 30, 2004 ----------------|-------------------------------- | Accumulation |-------------------------------- | April 1, 2004 thru Station | May 30, 2004 |-------------------------------- | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF |-------------------------------- | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W | 5.74 -1.67 18 595 +95 Valparaiso_AP_I | 4.98 -2.72 20 543 +130 Wanatah | 5.06 -2.27 23 487 +121 Wheatfield |12.03 +4.91 33 530 +138 Winamac | 5.23 -1.87 23 562 +123 North Central(2)| Plymouth | 5.98 -1.56 23 531 +70 South_Bend | 4.80 -2.12 25 585 +193 Young_America | 5.03 -2.09 19 641 +206 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City | 5.84 -1.19 25 546 +181 Fort_Wayne | 5.27 -1.44 23 599 +185 West Central (4)| Greencastle | 7.21 -1.08 25 646 +99 Perrysville | 6.91 -0.90 20 722 +238 Spencer_Ag | 8.50 -0.18 26 683 +196 Terre_Haute_AFB | 5.70 -2.53 19 787 +245 W_Lafayette_6NW | 5.76 -1.73 17 648 +207 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP | 5.52 -2.05 24 714 +183 Greenfield | 5.94 -2.24 23 661 +176 Indianapolis_AP | 6.09 -1.48 23 762 +231 Indianapolis_SE | 6.24 -1.79 22 682 +172 Tipton_Ag | 4.16 -3.44 19 612 +209 East Central (6)| Farmland | 6.95 -0.31 27 621 +232 New_Castle | 5.52 -2.85 21 539 +138 Southwest (7) | Evansville |10.84 +2.21 22 898 +206 Freelandville | 8.54 -0.24 24 771 +199 Shoals |11.89 +2.68 27 783 +232 Stendal |11.59 +2.11 22 846 +220 Vincennes_5NE |10.04 +1.26 27 831 +259 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |14.85 +5.61 27 775 +218 Oolitic |10.18 +1.50 28 703 +198 Tell_City |13.39 +3.96 27 910 +268 Southeast (9) | Brookville | 8.06 -0.30 24 679 +233 Milan_5NE |10.14 +1.78 34 691 +245 Scottsburg |17.71 +9.22 28 757 +182 ------------------------------------------------------------- DFN = Departure From Normal (Using 1961-90 Normals Period). GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright 2004: AWIS, Inc. All rights reserved. The above weather information is provided by AWIS, Inc. For detailed ag weather forecasts and data visit the AWIS home page at www.awis.com or call toll free at 1-888-798-9955. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- The INDIANA CROP WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by Indiana Agricultural Statistics, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Second Class postage paid at Lafayette IN. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to Indiana Agricultural Statistics, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Source: Indiana Agricultural Statistics