in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date June 13, 2004 Issue IN-CW2404 Agricultural Summary Heavy rain and thunderstorms, especially late in the week have caused widespread ponding and flooding of fields, according to the Indiana Agricultural Statistics Service. Significant damage to crops is expected as precipitation has been frequent the last few weeks around the state. Severe flooding is occurring along river bottoms. Large areas of many fields are under water and it may take several days for the water to subside. Planting of soybeans, baling hay and spraying chemicals took place during the week. Wheat fields continued to turn color and harvest is underway in the southern areas. Field Crops Report There were 3.9 days suitable for fieldwork. Corn condition is rated 75 percent good to excellent compared with 58 percent last year at this time. Many of the early planted corn fields are now waist high. Ninety-five percent of the intended soybean acreage is planted compared with 83 percent last year and 92 percent for the average. Ninety percent of the soybean acreage has emerged compared with 67 percent last year and 82 percent for the average. By area, 97 percent of the soybean acreage is planted in the north, 98 percent in the central region and 83 percent in the south. Soybean condition is rated 71 percent good to excellent compared with 53 percent last year at this time Six percent of the winter wheat acreage is harvested compared with 2 percent for the average. Wheat condition is rated 69 percent good to excellent compared with 68 percent last year at this time. Setting of tobacco plants is 60 percent complete compared with 45 percent last year and 65 percent for average. First cutting of alfalfa hay is 77 percent complete compared with 66 percent last year and 77 percent for the average. Major activities during the week were cleaning up and repairing equipment, scouting fields, mowing roads, moving grain to market, hauling manure and taking care of livestock. Livestock, Pasture and Range Report Pasture condition is rated 19 percent excellent, 66 percent good, 12 percent fair and 3 percent poor. Livestock are in mostly good condition, but under some stress from the wet conditions. Crop Progress Table ----------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ----------------------------------------------------- Percent Soybeans Planted 95 89 83 92 Soybeans Emerged 90 83 67 82 Winter Wheat Harvested 6 0 0 2 Alfalfa First Cutting 77 55 66 77 Tobacco Plants Set 60 35 45 65 Crop Condition Table ------------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ------------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 3 5 17 51 24 Soybean 3 5 21 52 19 Winter Wheat 2004 2 6 23 52 17 Pasture 0 3 12 66 19 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable For Fieldwork Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 0 0 0 Short 2 2 2 Adequate 55 67 49 Surplus 43 31 49 Subsoil Very Short 1 1 0 Short 5 4 4 Adequate 65 71 61 Surplus 29 24 35 Days Suitable 3.9 3.6 2.7 Contact information --Greg Preston, Director --Bud Bever, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/in/index.htm ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Agricultural Comments And News EXCESSIVE RAINFALL AND THE 2004 SOYBEAN AND WHEAT CROP * The effect of wet soils and flooding on soybean and wheat. Significant quantities of rain have fallen in the past 8 days with the heaviest amounts across the southern one-third of Indiana. Scottsburg reported rainfall in excess of 8.00 inches. Amounts in excess of 5 inches were reported for Freelandville, Grandview, Shoals and Vincennes with Dubois reporting 6.50 inches. Rainfall across the balance of the state was spotty ranging from less than one-half inch to 2.92 inches in Spencer. The net result of all of this rain is saturated soils in much of the state with significant ponding and some flooding primarily in the river bottoms. Anytime these types of wetness problems occur, the immediate question relates to the length of time that a given crop can survive if covered by water. For soybeans, the length of time that a plant can remain completely submerged and survive is between 2 and 4 days. The length of time is related to temperature and cloud cover. Hot, sunny conditions may result in death of the plant after 2 days while under cool, cloudy conditions soybeans may survive after 4 days or more. If a portion of the plant is exposed, soybeans have been known to survive after 7 days of partial submersion. Once the water recedes, 5 to 7 days will be required before an accurate evaluation of the condition of the plants can be made. Both soybeans and wheat require well-aerated soils to grow vigorously. Saturated soils, with no water on the above ground portion of the plant, can result in poor root and plant growth and perhaps death from root rot diseases. After only a few days of saturated soils, expect soybean and wheat plants to become lighter green in color. In addition to the wet soil conditions, most of the soybean crop is not yet at the V-4 stage of growth and are not fixing an adequate supply of nitrogen for the plant, hence the light green color. Once the excess water drains from the soil, 10 to 14 days will be required for the nodules to reestablish and begin fixing adequate nitrogen to meet the needs of the plant. At the current stage of growth, wheat can survive ponding or flooding for 2 to 4 days provided the head is not covered. If the head is covered with water, they usually mold or rot as a result and those areas of a field are usually a total loss. Ellsworth P. Christmas, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University. Weather Information Table Week Ending Sunday June 13, 2004 ------------------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN|Total |Days |Temp ------------------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |92 50 73 +4 7.00 4 73 Valparaiso_AP_I |91 59 74 +7 2.19 3 Wanatah |92 59 74 +7 2.27 3 75 Wheatfield |91 59 74 +7 3.30 2 Winamac |89 59 74 +6 2.37 5 74 North Central(2)| Plymouth |90 57 73 +4 2.88 4 South_Bend |91 58 74 +6 4.08 4 Young_America |90 60 74 +5 4.07 5 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |89 57 72 +5 3.20 5 73 Fort_Wayne |89 59 72 +4 2.69 4 West Central (4)| Greencastle |87 55 73 +3 0.55 4 Perrysville |92 59 77 +7 2.22 4 79 Spencer_Ag |89 57 75 +6 0.51 3 Terre_Haute_AFB |91 59 78 +7 0.42 3 W_Lafayette_6NW |91 59 74 +6 8.61 4 81 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |87 59 75 +5 1.58 3 Greenfield |88 59 74 +5 2.06 4 Indianapolis_AP |89 61 77 +6 1.61 4 Indianapolis_SE |88 59 75 +5 1.05 4 Tipton_Ag |89 59 74 +6 4.76 3 76 East Central (6)| Farmland |89 59 74 +6 2.89 4 73 New_Castle |86 56 72 +4 4.40 3 Southwest (7) | Evansville |91 62 79 +6 0.65 2 Freelandville |90 62 77 +6 0.45 2 Shoals |91 59 77 +7 1.89 1 Stendal |91 64 77 +5 0.74 2 Vincennes_5NE |91 62 77 +6 1.22 4 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |89 61 76 +6 1.94 4 Oolitic |89 60 76 +7 1.23 3 79 Tell_City |91 66 78 +6 1.91 3 Southeast (9) | Brookville |90 57 74 +6 0.85 3 Milan_5NE |88 58 74 +6 1.75 4 Scottsburg |89 57 76 +5 0.82 2 --------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday June 13, 2004 ----------------|-------------------------------- | Accumulation |-------------------------------- | April 1, 2004 thru Station | June 13, 2004 |-------------------------------- | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF |-------------------------------- | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |15.43 +6.20 26 865 +94 Valparaiso_AP_I | 8.62 -1.03 26 803 +148 Wanatah | 8.75 -0.35 30 745 +141 Wheatfield |18.22 +9.27 37 796 +163 Winamac | 9.53 +0.51 31 831 +144 North Central(2)| Plymouth |11.16 +1.70 30 781 +61 South_Bend |10.63 +1.84 31 850 +216 Young_America | 9.82 +1.02 27 918 +229 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |10.67 +1.77 33 799 +203 Fort_Wayne |10.61 +2.23 31 860 +191 West Central (4)| Greencastle |10.44 +0.40 31 912 +81 Perrysville |10.72 +0.97 27 1029 +276 Spencer_Ag |11.06 +0.51 31 977 +225 Terre_Haute_AFB | 7.78 -2.07 24 1105 +281 W_Lafayette_6NW |15.21 +6.04 24 926 +230 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP | 8.77 -0.38 29 1002 +188 Greenfield | 9.20 -0.54 28 948 +192 Indianapolis_AP |10.91 +1.76 30 1071 +257 Indianapolis_SE | 8.69 -0.83 27 967 +178 Tipton_Ag |10.01 +0.84 25 886 +232 East Central (6)| Farmland |10.91 +1.74 34 890 +260 New_Castle |12.21 +2.00 25 780 +132 Southwest (7) | Evansville |12.35 +2.04 25 1249 +236 Freelandville | 9.35 -1.21 27 1087 +224 Shoals |14.41 +3.27 30 1098 +271 Stendal |13.81 +2.30 27 1173 +244 Vincennes_5NE |11.93 +1.37 34 1152 +289 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |17.96 +6.78 33 1088 +256 Oolitic |12.34 +1.79 32 1006 +235 Tell_City |16.19 +4.84 31 1263 +318 Southeast (9) | Brookville | 9.80 -0.26 28 967 +270 Milan_5NE |13.20 +3.14 40 978 +281 Scottsburg |19.76 +9.54 32 1061 +199 ------------------------------------------------------------- DFN = Departure From Normal (Using 1961-90 Normals Period). GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright 2004: AWIS, Inc. All rights reserved. The above weather information is provided by AWIS, Inc. For detailed ag weather forecasts and data visit the AWIS home page at www.awis.com or call toll free at 1-888-798-9955. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- The INDIANA CROP WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by Indiana Agricultural Statistics, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Second Class postage paid at Lafayette IN. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to Indiana Agricultural Statistics, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Source: Indiana Agricultural Statistics