in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date June 27, 2004 Issue IN-CW2604 Agricultural Summary Farmers had a chance to catch up on some fieldwork as favorable weather conditions prevailed during most of the week, according to Indiana Agricultural Statistics. Planting of soybeans, harvesting winter wheat along with baling of hay and straw were major activities last week. Side dressing of corn and spraying for weeds were also taking place on many farms. Replanting was underway, but wet spots and standing water remain in many fields. Wheat fields are rapidly advancing toward maturity in the northern regions. Diseases are being reported in some wheat fields, mostly scab and rust. Field Crops Report There were 5.4 days suitable for fieldwork. Corn condition is rated 73 percent good to excellent compared with 58 percent last year at this time. Eleven percent of the corn acreage has silked compared with 1 percent for the average. Most of the soybean acreage is planted except for double crop soybeans and replanting of drowned out areas. Ninety-eight percent of the soybean acreage has emerged compared with 88 percent last year and 95 percent for the average. Ten percent of the soybean acreage is blooming. Soybean condition is rated 67 percent good to excellent compared with 54 percent last year at this time. Fifty-one percent of the winter wheat acreage is harvested compared with 29 percent last year and 33 percent for the average. By area, 8 percent of the wheat is harvested in the north, 41 percent in the central region and 92 percent in the south. Wheat condition is rated 67 percent good to excellent compared with 67 percent last year at this time. Setting of tobacco plants is 94 percent complete compared with 76 percent last year and 92 percent for average. First cutting of alfalfa hay is 94 percent complete compared with 92 percent last year and 97 percent for the average. Other activities during the week were cleaning up equipment, mowing roads, moving grain to market, hauling manure and taking care of livestock. Livestock, Pasture and Range Report Pasture condition is rated 17 percent excellent, 63 percent good, 16 percent fair, 3 percent poor and 1 percent very poor. Livestock are in mostly good condition. Crop Progress Table ----------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ----------------------------------------------------- Percent Soybeans Emerged 98 93 88 95 Soybeans Blooming 10 NA 1 6 Corn Silking 11 2 0 1 Alfalfa First Cutting 94 81 92 97 Tobacco Plants Set 94 76 76 92 Winter Wheat Harvested 51 17 29 33 Crop Condition Table ------------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ------------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 3 5 19 51 22 Soybean 3 6 24 50 17 Winter Wheat 2004 1 5 27 47 20 Pasture 1 3 16 63 17 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable For Fieldwork Table ------------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : ------------------------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 0 0 2 Short 4 1 18 Adequate 77 51 64 Surplus 19 48 16 Subsoil Very Short 0 0 1 Short 5 3 12 Adequate 77 61 71 Surplus 18 36 16 Days Suitable 5.4 2.2 6.1 Contact information --Greg Preston, Director --Bud Bever, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/in/index.htm ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Agricultural Comments And News FLOODING AND VERY WET SOIL CONDITIONS EQUALS SOYBEAN RE-PLANTING * Continued rains with flooding equate to soybean re-planting. * The date is approaching to consider changing to an earlier maturity group of soybean for re-plant. June rainfall reported across west-central Indiana as of June 21 has been in the range of 6 to 12 inches. These very heavy rains resulted in significant flooding of river and stream bottoms with the resulting death of most of the corn and soybean planted in these low areas. In addition, some upland areas experienced significant ponding, for more than two days, which also resulted in crop loss. Delayed planting or re-planting has less effect on the yield of soybeans than on corn. Unlike corn, which requires a certain number of growing degree days to mature, soybeans are sensitive to day length and as the day length shortens later in the growing season, maturity speeds up. As a general rule of thumb, for each three days planting is delayed, after May 20, harvest is delayed one day. In order to view a comparison of the yield reduction experienced by corn and soybeans as planting is delayed, see the table at the top of Page 4. As yield levels of soybeans have increased over the past ten years or so, the percentage yield loss has increased slightly. For example, data from a recent study, given in a graph with this article about Soybean Response to Planting Dates 1991 - 94, which can be viewed at: http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology/ext/targets/p&c/P&C15_2004.pdf, pg. 3, indicates that the reductions in yield for May 20 and June 10 are about 0.5% per day. Yield losses for the period from June 11 to June 30 are about 1.4 percent per day for each day of delay after June 10. We are approaching the date when consideration should be given to changing maturity groups. It is advisable to stay with a full-season variety of soybeans for your particular area until about June 15 in the northern one-fourth of Indiana, June 20-25 for the central one half of Indiana and June 25 in the southern one-fourth of the state. Full season soybeans will almost always give a higher yield than shorter season varieties for a given geographic area even when planting is modestly late. Once these dates have been reached, producers should move from a full season variety of soybeans to a mid season variety for their respective area. This will equate to a change of one-half maturity group assuming that a full season variety is being grown. Additionally, seeding rates should be increased by 15 to 25 percent to promote shading and taller plants to increase podding height and nodes per acre. YIELD REDUCTIONS EXPERIENCED BY CORN AND SOYBEANS AS PLANTING IS DELAYED May 21 May 26 May 31 June 5 June 10 June 30 Corn 5 % 8 % 13 % 19 % 25 % Soybeans 0 2 % 4 % 7 % 10 % 38 % A commonly used rule of thumb for a cutoff date to stop planting soybeans is 90 days prior to the first 32 degree frost for a given area within the state. Using a 25% probability, or one in four years of a 32 degree or lower temperature, the magical date for the Bluffton area in northeastern Indiana is June 30, while in the Lafayette area it is July 5. Soybean planting should cease in most of the southern half of Indiana by July 10 except for the southwest corner where planting can occur up to July 15. Ellsworth P. Christmas, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University. Weather Information Table Week Ending Sunday June 27, 2004 ------------------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN|Total |Days |Temp ------------------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |81 48 64 -10 0.31 3 68 Valparaiso_AP_I |80 50 63 -9 0.29 2 Wanatah |81 47 62 -10 0.42 2 71 Wheatfield |80 46 62 -10 0.40 1 Winamac |79 47 63 -9 0.34 2 72 North Central(2)| Plymouth |81 48 63 -10 0.08 2 South_Bend |80 50 63 -9 0.34 2 Young_America |78 48 64 -9 0.33 2 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |79 46 62 -9 0.33 3 70 Fort_Wayne |79 48 65 -8 0.42 2 West Central(4) | Greencastle |83 44 64 -11 0.14 2 Perrysville |83 48 66 -8 0.32 2 74 Spencer_Ag |84 50 66 -8 0.29 2 Terre_Haute_AFB |86 47 67 -8 0.22 1 W_Lafayette_6NW |79 47 64 -9 0.51 2 77 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |83 54 67 -7 0.06 1 Greenfield |83 49 66 -8 0.65 2 Indianapolis_AP |84 50 67 -8 0.27 2 Indianapolis_SE |82 46 66 -8 0.21 2 Tipton_Ag |81 46 63 -10 0.42 3 72 East Central (6)| Farmland |82 44 64 -7 0.33 2 65 New_Castle |79 46 62 -10 1.11 2 Southwest (7) | Evansville |85 55 71 -7 0.00 0 Freelandville |85 53 68 -8 0.37 1 Shoals |85 51 67 -7 0.01 1 Stendal |86 56 69 -7 0.00 0 Vincennes_5NE |86 53 68 -8 0.32 3 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |85 55 69 -5 0.40 2 Oolitic |82 51 68 -6 0.18 2 77 Tell_City |86 57 72 -5 0.00 0 Southeast (9) | Brookville |86 52 68 -5 0.00 0 Milan_5NE |84 53 67 -5 0.51 4 Scottsburg |84 57 70 -5 0.00 0 --------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday June 27, 2004 ----------------|-------------------------------- | Accumulation |-------------------------------- | April 1, 2004 thru Station | June 27, 2004 |-------------------------------- | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF |-------------------------------- | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- orthwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |16.43 +5.51 31 1119 +36 Valparaiso_AP_I | 9.76 -1.88 32 1032 +91 Wanatah | 9.73 -1.27 37 967 +80 Wheatfield |19.64 +8.73 42 1022 +104 Winamac |10.71 -0.28 38 1071 +94 North Central(2)| Plymouth |11.93 +0.47 36 1015 -5 South_Bend |11.49 +0.74 36 1087 +167 Young_America |11.93 +1.34 32 1170 +184 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |12.55 +1.69 41 1032 +160 Fort_Wayne |13.14 +3.08 38 1125 +154 West Central(4) | Greencastle |13.05 +1.23 38 1171 +15 Perrysville |12.57 +0.86 31 1310 +244 Spencer_Ag |13.98 +1.57 38 1263 +200 Terre_Haute_AFB | 9.68 -1.85 30 1401 +252 W_Lafayette_6NW |16.31 +5.37 27 1182 +189 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |11.11 +0.31 35 1298 +160 Greenfield |12.81 +1.38 35 1230 +160 Indianapolis_AP |13.70 +2.90 36 1372 +234 Indianapolis_SE |10.93 -0.11 32 1247 +135 Tipton_Ag |12.17 +1.33 34 1138 +188 East Central (6)| Farmland |12.58 +1.47 40 1158 +243 New_Castle |14.78 +2.75 30 1020 +80 Southwest (7) | Evansville |13.37 +1.49 30 1590 +210 Freelandville |10.53 -1.69 33 1391 +192 Shoals |14.77 +1.79 35 1402 +254 Stendal |14.73 +1.38 32 1498 +222 Vincennes_5NE |12.66 +0.44 36 1468 +269 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |19.39 +6.27 38 1405 +256 Oolitic |14.48 +2.11 39 1303 +222 Tell_City |18.18 +4.93 36 1608 +316 Southeast (9) | Brookville |11.37 -0.32 33 1281 +287 Milan_5NE |15.49 +3.80 49 1277 +283 Scottsburg |21.12 +9.14 37 1382 +192 ------------------------------------------------------------- DFN = Departure From Normal (Using 1961-90 Normals Period). GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright 2004: AWIS, Inc. All rights reserved. The above weather information is provided by AWIS, Inc. For detailed ag weather forecasts and data visit the AWIS home page at www.awis.com or call toll free at 1-888-798-9955. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- The INDIANA CROP WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by Indiana Agricultural Statistics, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Second Class postage paid at Lafayette IN. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to Indiana Agricultural Statistics, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Source: Indiana Agricultural Statistics