in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date September 5, 2004 Issue IN-CW3604 Agricultural Summary Favorable weather conditions allowed major crops to continue advancing toward maturity last week. Sunshine and warm afternoon temperatures helped, according to Indiana Agricultural Statistics. Most farmers were making final preparations to harvesting equipment and grain bins for the upcoming harvesting season. Corn harvest was underway in several fields, mostly in the south- western region. Harvest of seed corn and silage was taking place in the northern areas. Soybean harvest was also underway in a few fields. Field Crops Report There were 4.7 days suitable for fieldwork. Ninety-nine percent of the corn acreage has reached the dough stage compared with 91 percent last year and 96 percent for the average. Eighty-two percent of the corn acreage has reached the dent stage compared with 50 percent last year and 77 percent for the average. Twenty-seven percent of the corn acreage is mature (safe from frost) compared with 6 percent last year and 22 percent for the average. Corn condition is rated 77 percent good to excellent compared with 61 percent last year at this time. Virtually all of the soybean acreage is setting pods. Twenty-nine percent of the soybean acreage is shedding leaves compared with 10 percent last year and 23 percent for the average. Soybean condition is rated 72 percent good to excellent compared with 60 percent last year at this time. Third cutting of alfalfa hay is 89 percent complete compared with 77 percent last year and 89 percent for the average. Tobacco harvest is 40 complete compared with 33 percent last year and 46 percent for the average. Other activities during the week were repairing equipment, mowing roads, attending field days, hauling manure and taking care of livestock. Livestock, Pasture and Range Report Pasture condition is rated 16 percent excellent, 54 percent good, 23 percent fair, 6 percent poor and 1 percent very poor. Livestock are in mostly good condition. Crop Progress Table ----------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ----------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn in Dough 99 96 91 96 Corn in Dent 82 67 50 77 Corn Mature 27 14 6 22 Soybeans Shedding Lvs 29 12 10 23 Alfalfa Third Cutting 89 78 77 89 Tobacco Harvested 40 19 33 46 Crop Condition Table ----------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ----------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 3 5 15 50 27 Soybean 4 5 19 51 21 Pasture 1 6 23 54 16 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable for Fieldwork Table -------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : -------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 1 0 0 Short 6 5 5 Adequate 79 75 64 Surplus 14 20 31 Subsoil Very Short 1 1 2 Short 9 10 9 Adequate 81 78 69 Surplus 9 11 20 Days Suitable 4.7 3.6 2.8 Contact information --Greg Preston, Director --Bud Bever, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/in/index.htm ------------------------------------------------------------- Soybean rust - Colombia (cali) Soybean rust found north of equator in South America USDA officials earlier this week told the American Soybean Association (ASA) that Asian soybean rust has been discovered 5 degrees above the equator in Colombia, the farthest north the fungus has been found in South America. "Confirmation of soybean rust above the equator signals the advancement of spores in the direction of the continental United States," said Ron Heck, an Iowa soybean grower and ASA chairman. U.S. experts working to predict the spread of Asian soybean rust have said that once soybean rust moves north of the equator, conditions are more favorable for its movement into the U.S. July and August are the likely months of its arrival, according to Monte Miles, plant pathologist with the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the University of Illinois. As the disease moves further north, the probability of getting soybean rust increases each year, Miles says. Prevailing winds are part of what has kept rust south of the equator, along with the lack of a suitable host. Also, north of the Equator soybeans are planted in the spring. "Because no one knows for sure when soybean rust will be introduced in the United States, we must work with the current knowledge that it could be a few months to perhaps 5 years or longer," Heck said. Soybean rust is caused by 2 fungal species, Phakopsora pachyrizi [Pp], which is very aggressive, and the weaker P. meibromiae [Pm]. Pm has been found in limited areas in the Western Hemisphere, and is not known to cause severe yield losses in soybean. Both native to Asia, they have also been reported from Africa, Australia, South America, and Hawaii, but neither is currently found in the continental United States. Pp was recently found 5 degrees (250 miles) north of the Equator, near Cali, Colombia. Colombian authorities have confirmed the presence of Pp in the country's Valle del Cauca region, north of the Equator. According to the Colombian Agriculture Research Institute (ICA), the fungus found in the Caloto, Buga and Obando municipalities is Pm, a causal agent of soybean rust, has been present in Colombia for several years. According to the USDA web site, Pm is present throughout South and Central America and the Caribbean and was initially reported in Puerto Rico in 1976. Symptoms of Pm and Pp on soybean are identical. In addition to the cultivated soybean, Glycine max, there are many other leguminous host species that are susceptible to Pp and Pm. Yield losses from soybean rust are reported to range from 10 to 50 percent in the Eastern Hemisphere (Japan, southern China, Thailand). In Taiwan, yield losses have been reported as high as 90 percent in selected fields. Bob Neilson, Purdue Agronomy, Purdue University ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday September 5, 2004 ----------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN|Total |Days |Temp ----------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) Chalmers_5W 88 53 70 +2 0.15 1 70 Valparaiso_AP_I 83 49 67 -1 0.25 1 Wanatah 85 43 66 -2 0.34 2 73 Wheatfield 84 48 68 +1 0.97 2 Winamac 84 52 69 +2 0.50 3 69 North Central (2) Plymouth 84 52 67 -2 1.03 1 South_Bend 83 51 68 +2 0.42 1 Young_America 85 54 70 +1 0.97 1 Northeast (3) Columbia_City 84 52 68 +2 0.52 2 70 Fort_Wayne 83 54 69 +1 0.83 2 West Central (4) Greencastle 85 51 68 -4 0.03 2 Perrysville 88 53 71 +2 0.31 1 78 Spencer_Ag 85 55 70 +0 0.18 2 Terre_Haute_AFB 88 53 72 +2 0.61 1 W_Lafayette_6NW 86 52 69 +2 0.14 1 78 Central (5) Eagle_Creek_AP 84 57 71 +2 0.15 2 Greenfield 85 55 70 +1 0.06 2 Indianapolis_AP 83 57 72 +2 0.46 2 Indianapolis_SE 84 53 70 -1 0.00 0 Tipton_Ag 84 52 68 +1 1.34 1 75 East Central (6) Farmland 85 51 68 +2 0.02 1 67 New_Castle 82 51 67 -2 0.03 1 Southwest (7) Evansville 87 57 73 -1 0.01 1 Freelandville 86 58 71 +0 0.04 1 Shoals 88 54 71 +2 0.92 2 Stendal 87 60 72 +1 0.09 1 Vincennes_5NE 87 57 72 +2 0.25 2 76 South Central (8) Leavenworth 85 58 71 +1 0.06 1 Oolitic 86 57 71 +2 0.07 3 74 Tell_City 85 59 73 +0 0.38 2 Southeast (9) Brookville 87 57 72 +3 0.29 2 Milan_5NE 84 56 70 +2 0.70 3 Scottsburg 84 54 69 -3 0.05 1 ------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table (Continued) Week ending Sunday September 5, 2004 ----------------|-------------------------------- | Accumulation |-------------------------------- | April 1, 2004 thru Station | September 5, 2004 |-------------------------------- | Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF |-------------------------------- | | | | | |Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) Chalmers_5W 28.85 +9.14 55 2521 -147 Valparaiso_AP_I 19.88 -0.69 63 2368 -71 Wanatah 21.51 +1.52 67 2209 -125 Wheatfield 36.15 +16.65 69 2315 -74 Winamac 27.66 +7.94 70 2413 -48 North Central (2) Plymouth 25.60 +5.71 68 2331 -251 South_Bend 21.82 +2.56 71 2473 +46 Young_America 26.45 +7.54 61 2530 -3 Northeast (3) Columbia_City 24.73 +5.74 71 2325 +10 Fort_Wayne 24.73 +7.01 65 2507 -29 West Central (4) Greencastle 22.35 +0.17 64 2507 -343 Perrysville 21.28 +0.21 51 2745 +87 Spencer_Ag 27.00 +4.35 68 2694 +7 Terre_Haute_AFB 18.36 -2.57 59 2922 +89 W_Lafayette_6NW 22.82 +3.17 49 2527 +6 Central (5) Eagle_Creek_AP 18.98 -0.79 62 2816 +5 Greenfield 22.56 +0.82 62 2672 -25 Indianapolis_AP 26.83 +7.06 57 2916 +105 Indianapolis_SE 22.36 +1.99 53 2691 -107 Tipton_Ag 21.90 +1.95 61 2446 -3 East Central (6) Farmland 21.25 +1.89 61 2489 +97 New_Castle 22.63 +1.73 49 2216 -234 Southwest (7) Evansville 22.62 +2.75 52 3290 +34 Freelandville 23.08 +2.36 54 2952 +27 Shoals 26.07 +3.57 60 2950 +117 Stendal 24.42 +2.08 54 3141 +68 Vincennes_5NE 23.29 +2.57 65 3072 +147 South Central (8) Leavenworth 31.84 +8.82 63 2985 +167 Oolitic 25.98 +4.28 66 2792 +81 Tell_City 30.60 +7.77 55 3364 +236 Southeast (9) Brookville 18.92 -2.16 52 2837 +261 Milan_5NE 26.45 +5.37 85 2773 +197 Scottsburg 32.88 +11.46 58 2882 -30 ----------------------------------------------------------------- DFN = Departure From Normal (Using 1961-90 Normals Period). GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright 2004: AWIS, Inc. All rights reserved. The above weather information is provided by AWIS, Inc. For detailed ag weather forecasts and data visit the AWIS home page at www.awis.com or call toll free at 1-888-798-9955.