in-crop-weather State Indiana Crop Weather Week Ending Date July 31, 2005 Issue IN-CW3105 Agricultural Summary Many farmers were spraying for aphids and spider mites last week, according to the Indiana Field Office of USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service. Rain continues to be spotty and variable. However, some central and northern areas received over an inch of precipitation. Reporters remain concerned about pollination of corn in some fields around the state. Deficient soil moisture remains a major concern for many farmers. Field Crops Report There were 5.7 days suitable for fieldwork. Corn condition is rated 45 percent good to excellent compared with 77 percent last year at this time. Ninety-six percent of the corn acreage has silked compared with 97 percent last year and 89 percent for the 5-year average. Thirty-one percent of the corn acreage has reached the dough stage compared with 36 percent last year and 27 percent for the average. By area, corn in dough is 20 percent complete in the north, 34 percent complete in the central region and 47 percent complete in the south. Three percent of the corn acreage has reached the dent stage compared with 4 percent last year and 3 percent for the average. Ninety-one percent of the soybean acreage is blooming compared with 88 percent last year and 82 percent for the average. Fifty-five percent of the soybean acreage is setting pods compared with 53 percent last year and 41 percent for the average. Soybean condition is rated 52 percent good to excellent compared with 73 percent last year. Virtually all of the winter wheat acreage is now harvested. Second cutting of alfalfa hay is 97 percent complete compared with 92 percent last year and 93 percent for the average. Major activities during the week included baling hay and straw, repairing equipment, spraying soybean fields for weeds, hauling grain to market, mowing roadsides and pastures, hauling manure and taking care of livestock. Livestock, Pasture and Range Report Pasture condition improved and is rated 2 percent excellent, 30 percent good, 42 percent fair, 19 percent poor and 7 percent very poor. Livestock are in mostly good condition. Feeding of hay continued on some livestock farms. Crop Progress Table ----------------------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : 5-Year Crop : Week : Week : Year : Avg ----------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn Silked 96 88 97 89 Corn in Dough 31 13 36 27 Corn in Dent 3 NA 4 3 Soybeans Blooming 91 80 88 82 Soybeans Podding 55 31 53 41 Winter Wheat Harvested 100 99 100 100 Alfalfa Second Cutting 97 85 92 93 Crop Condition Table ---------------------------------------------------------- : Very : : : : Excel- Crop : Poor : Poor : Fair : Good : lent ---------------------------------------------------------- Percent Corn 5 14 36 39 6 Soybeans 4 11 33 45 7 Pasture 7 19 42 30 2 Soil Moisture & Days Suitable for Fieldwork Table -------------------------------------- : This : Last : Last : : Week : Week : Year : -------------------------------------- Percent Topsoil Very Short 8 8 2 Short 29 25 14 Adequate 60 62 79 Surplus 3 5 5 Subsoil Very Short 13 13 1 Short 34 33 14 Adequate 52 53 82 Surplus 1 1 3 Days Suitable 5.7 4.6 5.2 Contact information --Greg Preston, Director --Bud Bever, Agricultural Statistician E-Mail Address: nass-in@nass.usda.gov http://www.nass.usda.gov/in/index.htm --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other Agricultural Comments And News NEMATODE UPDATE * Corn nematode damage is done for the season. * SCN damage is quite evident in many fields, even where claimed resistant lines have been planted. * CystX is becoming more available in soybean cultivars, providing superior SCN resistance. * Two different tests are available for SCN and soybean seed, details below. It is safe to assume that the season to find corn nematodes has passed. The dry conditions along with high temperature are too lethal for this nematode. Now that needle or dagger nematodes have disappeared, plants in infested fields should be on their way to recovery and re-establishing themselves. Even though corn might catch up, yield damage most likely was done. However, as we said before this was not a "good" year for corn nematodes in Indiana and we have not found them to be a problem in the samples submitted to our laboratory. The story for soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is completely the opposite. We have observed severe symptoms from many infested fields throughout Indiana already. What is alarming to us is that several of these fields are planted with "resistant" soybean but no sign of resistance can be found. The source of resistance for most of the current SCN resistant cultivars is the same (PI 88788), but different cultivars possessing this source of resistance do not necessarily behave the same way toward the same field population. We have collected a field population that has overcome three resistant cultivars, all with PI 88788 as their source of resistance. We are in the process of determining if the failure is due to their common source of resistance (PI 88788) or whether these particular "resistant" cultivars happened to be susceptible. Regardless of the outcome of these experiments, it is a sound SCN management practice to use different cultivars with different sources of resistance. As most of you might know, we introduced a broad base source of resistance known as CystX several years ago. Cultivars with this novel and new source of resistance are now available in wide range of maturity groups. No doubt more cultivars with CystX resistance will become available in the near future. You might want to explore the possibility of obtaining cultivars with CystX resistance as part of your SCN management. The CystX resistance is non-race specific and now has been incorporated into elite germplasm. This is a superior resistance with no yield drag associated with it. Be advised that two types of CystX cultivars are being marketed at the present time (Gold and Silver). These cultivars might not contain all of the CystX resistance; thus the presence of cysts on their roots should not be alarming. To help growers fight against SCN, and as an alternative to the race test, we are now offering to expose the growers' field populations of SCN against prospective soybean cultivars that they are planning to use. Growers can send us a gallon of SCN infested soil and about 100 seeds from each soybean cultivar that they are planning to plant. We will plant your seeds in your soil, replicated 5 times, and provide you with the results so you can make a more informed decision as to which resistant cultivar is more suitable to your particular field population. The cost for this service is a minimum of $50 for up to five cultivars and $10 for each additional cultivar. This test will take about 2 months to complete. If the population of SCN is not high enough to extract needed inoculum, an additional $20 cost and 1.5 months time is required. We again urge you to start monitoring your fields for presence of soybean cyst nematode. If you have not sampled for SCN in the past, or have used resistant soybean seeds for several years, you need to sample for this nematode. As in previous years, Indiana Soybean Board is paying the processing fees for Indiana growers, up to 10 samples/ grower/year. Soil samples taken from a depth of 4-6 inches can be sent to our laboratory for analysis. If you have any question about these or any other kinds of nematode, you can contact Jamal Faghihi at 765-494- 5901 or send an email to jamal@purdue.edu. Soil samples for nematode analysis can be sent to: Nematology Laboratory, Purdue University, Department of Entomology, Smith Hall, 901 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2089. Jamal Faghihi and Virginia Ferris, Department of Entomology, Purdue University. The INDIANA CROP & WEATHER REPORT (USPS 675-770), (ISSN 0442-817X) is issued weekly April through November by the USDA, NASS, Indiana Field Office, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. Second Class postage paid at Lafayette IN. For information on subscribing, send request to above address. POSTMASTER: Send address change to the USDA, NASS, Indiana Field Office, 1435 Win Hentschel Blvd, Suite B105, West Lafayette IN 47906-4145. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table Week ending Sunday July 31, 2005 ----------------------------------------------------- | Past Week Weather Summary Data |--------------------------------- Station | Air | | Avg | Temperature | Precip. |4 in. |---------------|------------|Soil |Hi |Lo |Avg|DFN| Total|Days |Temp ----------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W |98 52 74 +1 1.01 2 Valparaiso_AP_I |98 49 73 +2 1.15 2 Wanatah |97 48 73 +2 0.98 2 79 Wheatfield |97 53 74 +2 1.59 4 Winamac |93 52 74 +2 1.45 1 77 North Central(2)| Plymouth |95 53 73 -1 2.14 2 South_Bend |96 52 73 +0 0.88 2 Young_America |93 52 73 -2 1.79 1 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |92 52 73 +1 1.33 2 78 Fort_Wayne |93 55 75 +2 2.57 1 West Central(4) | Greencastle |93 51 73 -3 0.70 1 Perrysville |97 52 75 +2 0.37 1 83 Spencer_Ag |93 55 74 +0 0.44 2 Terre_Haute_AFB |95 54 76 +1 0.65 2 W_Lafayette_6NW |94 50 73 +1 0.86 1 83 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |94 57 75 +1 1.21 2 Greenfield |94 57 75 +0 0.50 2 Indianapolis_AP |95 58 77 +2 0.32 2 Indianapolis_SE |95 54 74 -2 0.55 1 Tipton_Ag |92 53 73 +0 1.27 2 81 East Central(6) | Farmland |96 53 74 +2 2.04 1 75 New_Castle |93 54 73 +1 0.42 2 Southwest (7) | Evansville |94 57 77 -2 0.07 2 Freelandville |94 58 76 -1 0.83 2 Shoals |95 57 76 +2 0.52 2 Stendal |95 58 76 -1 0.10 1 Vincennes_5NE |96 58 77 +1 0.51 2 85 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |95 59 77 +3 0.00 0 Oolitic |93 56 75 +0 0.49 2 81 Tell_City |95 61 78 +2 0.00 0 Southeast (9) | Brookville |98 57 77 +3 0.37 1 Milan_5NE |95 58 76 +2 0.38 2 Scottsburg |95 54 75 -2 0.03 1 ----------------------------------------------------- Weather Information Table (Continued) Week ending Sunday July 31, 2005 ------------------------------------------------ Accumulation -------------------------------- April 1, 2005 thru Station July 31, 2005 -------------------------------- Precipitation |GDD Base 50oF -------------------------------- | | | | Total | DFN |Days|Total| DFN ------------------------------------------------- Northwest (1) | Chalmers_5W | 9.17 -6.03 37 1999 +118 Valparaiso_AP_I | 8.26 -7.78 34 1902 +209 Wanatah |10.18 -5.42 41 1835 +218 Wheatfield |14.92 -0.31 74 1903 +239 Winamac |12.29 -2.96 44 1942 +215 North Central(2)| Plymouth |10.16 -5.80 42 1856 +54 South_Bend | 7.68 -7.29 40 1938 +262 Young_America |14.37 -0.33 42 1929 +164 Northeast (3) | Columbia_City |12.73 -2.27 44 1819 +220 Fort_Wayne |11.28 -2.58 44 1917 +158 West Central(4) | Greencastle |18.41 +1.01 37 1892 -104 Perrysville |12.45 -4.14 36 2089 +219 Spencer_Ag |17.26 -0.53 43 1910 +35 Terre_Haute_AFB |14.81 -2.03 40 2133 +140 W_Lafayette_6NW | 9.79 -5.47 41 1978 +213 Central (5) | Eagle_Creek_AP |14.49 -1.17 43 2158 +184 Greenfield |19.37 +2.18 48 1957 +72 Indianapolis_AP |13.77 -1.89 40 2134 +160 Indianapolis_SE |13.97 -2.32 39 1973 +19 Tipton_Ag |16.53 +1.09 45 1815 +104 East Central(6) | Farmland |12.36 -2.89 42 1843 +179 New_Castle |16.25 -0.52 37 1709 +8 Southwest (7) | Evansville |12.07 -4.23 36 2323 +7 Freelandville |14.14 -2.74 39 2193 +130 Shoals |16.51 -1.77 50 2175 +192 Stendal |14.80 -3.23 36 2311 +143 Vincennes_5NE |18.98 +2.10 43 2273 +210 South Central(8)| Leavenworth |14.42 -4.06 37 2216 +238 Oolitic |14.72 -2.60 45 1979 +88 Tell_City |15.48 -2.85 32 2439 +242 Southeast (9) | Brookville |13.53 -3.16 37 2038 +255 Milan_5NE |15.59 -1.10 57 2012 +229 Scottsburg |14.12 -3.02 44 2138 +92 ------------------------------------------------------------------ DFN = Departure From Normal (Using 1961-90 Normals Period). GDD = Growing Degree Days. Precipitation (Rainfall or melted snow/ice) in inches. Precipitation Days = Days with precip of .01 inch or more. Air Temperatures in Degrees Fahrenheit. Copyright 2005: Agricultural Weather Information Service, Inc. All rights reserved. The above weather information is provided by AWIS, Inc. For detailed ag weather forecasts and data visit the AWIS home page at: www.awis.com