Vegetable Chemical Usage, 1996

This report is funded by the USDA Pesticide Data Program (PDP). This is the fourth Vegetable Chemical Use Summary. Earlier reports were issued in 1990, 1992 and 1994. Information is gathered every other year on a rotational basis, with fruit chemical use statistics produced during the intervening years. The purpose of the PDP is to upgrade the reliability of pesticide use statistics. This data series addresses the increased public interest in the use of agricultural chemicals and provides the means for government agencies to respond effectively to food safety and water quality issues.

Michigan was one of the original five states to survey vegetable chemical usage in 1990. Data was collected on all vegetables, though only 21 were published. The program was expanded to 14 states in 1992 and 1994. There were 13 states in the 1996 program, with Michigan having 9 vegetable crops targeted.

Please contact our office for additional details on chemical usage. The targeted vegetables are selected from each state in such a manner that the vast majority of the national vegetable acreage is covered by the survey.
Below is a reference list of common names and associated trade names of active ingredients for the chemicals used on the targeted vegetable crops in Michigan. This list is provided as an aid in reviewing the data and does not mean to imply use of any specific trade name.

Common and associated trade names of agricultural chemicals

Common name Trade name Common name Trade name

2,4-D several halosulfuron Permit

acephate Orthene imidacloprid Admire

acetochlor Harness Plus, Surpass iprodione Rovral

alachlor Lasso lambdacyhalothrin Karate

anilazine Dyrene linuron Lorox, Linex

atrazine Aatrex malathion several

azinphos-methyl Guthion mancozeb several

basic copper sulfate Cuproxat,Top Cop,Tri- maneb several

benomyl Benlate metalaxyl Ridomil

bensulide Prefar methomyl Lannate

bentazon Basagran, Pledge methyl isothiocyanate Vorlex

bromoxynil Buctril, Brominal methyl parathion several

butylate Genate, Sutan metiram Polyram

captan captan metolachlor Dual

carbaryl Sevin, Savit metribuzin Sencor, Lexone

carbofuran Furadan mevinphos Phosdrin, Duraphos

chloramben Amiben naled Dibrom

chlorothalonil Bravo naptalam Alanap

chlorpyrifos Lorsban, Dursban norflurazon Solicam, Evital, Zorial

clethodim Select oxamyl Vydate

clomazone Command oxydemeton-methyl Metasystox-R

clopyralid Reclaim, Stinger oxyfluorfen Goal

copper ammonium Copper-Count-N paraquat Gramoxone, Cyclone

copper hydroxide several pendimethalin Prowl

copper oxide Nordox permethrin Ambush, Pounce

copper oxychloride C-O-C-S petroleum distillate several

copper resinate Tenn-Cop phorate Thimet

copper sulfate copper sulfate phosmet Imidan

cyanazine Bladex phostebupirim phostebupirim

cyfluthrin Baythroid prometryn Caparol

cypermethrin Ammo, Cymbush propachlor Ramrod

cytokinins Triggrr, Burst, Promalin propiconazole Banner, Orbit, Tilt

DCPA Dacthal rotenone rotenone

diazinon several sethoxydim Poast

dichloropropene Telone simazine Princep

dimethenamid Acrobat sulfur several

dimethoate several tefluthrin Force

disulfoton Di-Syston terbacil Sinbar

diuron Karmex, Direx terbufos Counter

endosulfan Thiodan thiodicarb Larvin

EPTC Eptam, Eradicane, Genep thiophanate-methyl Topsin

esfenvalerate Asana triadimefon Bayleton

ethalfluralin Sonalan, Curbit trifluralin Treflan, Trilin, Trific

ethyl parathion several vinclozolin Ronilan

fluazifop-P-butyl Fusilade zeta-cypermethrin Fury

glyphosate Roundup, Rattler, Ranger

Table 8-1.-Agricultural chemical applications: Asparagus, Michigan, 1996

[Bearing acres in 1996 were 18,000
acres]

Agricultural
chemical ¹ Area applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

    2,4-D
26 1.1 1.09 1.20 5.5

    Diuron
78 1.6 1.02 1.65 23.0

    Glyphosate
43 1.2 0.82 0.96 7.5

    Linuron
24 1.3 0.56 0.74 3.2

    Metribuzin
30 1.3 0.54 0.70 3.7

    Norflurazon
18 1.0 1.06 1.07 3.4

    Paraquat
44 1.1 0.53 0.59 4.7

    Simazine
42 1.3 1.01 1.35 10.1

Insecticides:

    Carbaryl
65 2.1 0.68 1.41 16.5

    Chlorpyrifos
28 1.1 0.93 1.05 5.2

    Permethrin
29 1.6 0.07 0.11 0.6

Fungicides:

    Chlorothalonil
40 1.7 1.56 2.68 19.1

Mancozeb
31 2.1 1.45 3.02 16.9

    Triadimefon
15 1.4 0.13 0.18 0.5

¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Chloramben, Clopyralid, DCPA, Fluazifop-P-butyl, Sethoxydim, Terbacil, Trifluralin.
    Insecticides-Disulfoton, Malathion, Petroleum distillate.
    Fungicides-Basic copper sulfate, Maneb, Metalaxyl.
    Other chemicals-Cytokinins.

Table 8-1.-Agricultural chemical applications: Asparagus, Michigan, 1996
[Bearing acres in 1996 were 18,000 acres]
Agricultural chemical ¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
2,4-D	26	1.1	1.09	1.20	5.5
Diuron	78	1.6	1.02	1.65	23.0
Glyphosate	43	1.2	0.82	0.96	7.5
Linuron	24	1.3	0.56	0.74	3.2
Metribuzin	30	1.3	0.54	0.70	3.7
Norflurazon	18	1.0	1.06	1.07	3.4
Paraquat	44	1.1	0.53	0.59	4.7
Simazine	42	1.3	1.01	1.35	10.1

Insecticides:
Carbaryl	65	2.1	0.68	1.41	16.5
Chlorpyrifos	28	1.1	0.93	1.05	5.2
Permethrin	29	1.6	0.07	0.11	0.6

Fungicides:
Chlorothalonil	40	1.7	1.56	2.68	19.1
Mancozeb	31	2.1	1.45	3.02	16.9
Triadimefon	15	1.4	0.13	0.18	0.5
¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Chloramben, Clopyralid, DCPA, Fluazifop-P-butyl, Sethoxydim, Terbacil, Trifluralin. Insecticides-Disulfoton, Malathion, Petroleum distillate. Fungicides-Basic copper sulfate, Maneb, Metalaxyl. Other chemicals-Cytokinins.

Table 8-2.-Agricultural chemical applications: Beans, snap (for fresh market), Michigan, 1996

[Planted acres in 1996 were 1,700 acres]

Agricultural
chemical ¹ Area applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

    EPTC
42 1.0 2.69 2.69 1.9

Metolachlor
62 1.0 2.89 2.92 3.1

    Trifluralin
49 1.0 0.59 0.59 0.5

Insecticides:

    Carbaryl
11 1.1 1.65 1.89 0.3

Fungicides:

    Chlorothalonil
7 1.0 1.57 1.57 0.2

¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Alachlor, Bentazon, Glyphosate, Paraquat, Pendimethalin.
    Insecticides-Azinphos-methyl, Dimethoate, Disulfoton, Esfenvalerate, Methomyl, Phosmet, Rotenone.
    Fungicides-Benomyl, Copper hydroxide, Mancozeb, Thiophanate-methyl.

Table 8-2.-Agricultural chemical applications: Beans, snap (for fresh market), Michigan, 1996
[Planted acres in 1996 were 1,700 acres]
Agricultural chemical ¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
EPTC	42	1.0	2.69	2.69	1.9
Metolachlor	62	1.0	2.89	2.92	3.1
Trifluralin	49	1.0	0.59	0.59	0.5

Insecticides:
Carbaryl	11	1.1	1.65	1.89	0.3

Fungicides:
Chlorothalonil	7	1.0	1.57	1.57	0.2
¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Alachlor, Bentazon, Glyphosate, Paraquat, Pendimethalin. Insecticides-Azinphos-methyl, Dimethoate, Disulfoton, Esfenvalerate, Methomyl, Phosmet, Rotenone. Fungicides-Benomyl, Copper hydroxide, Mancozeb, Thiophanate-methyl.

Table 8-3.-Agricultural chemical applications: Beans, snap (for processing), Michigan, 1996

[Planted acres in 1996 were 22,000 acres]

Agricultural
chemical ¹ Area applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

    Bentazon
19 1.1 0.77 0.82 3.4

    EPTC
57 1.0 2.50 2.50 31.2

    Metolachlor
45 1.1 1.30 1.45 14.5

    Trifluralin
33 1.0 0.53 0.53 3.9

Insecticides:

    Acephate
61 1.7 0.76 1.29 17.3

    Dimethoate
23 1.1 0.39 0.41 2.1

Disulfoton
27 1.2 0.95 1.15 6.8

    Methyl parathion
27 2.3 0.38 0.89 5.2

¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Fluazifop-P-butyl, Glyphosate, Pendimethalin, Sethoxydim.
    Insecticides-Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos, Esfenvalerate, Permethrin, Phorate.
    Fungicides-Chlorothalonil, Copper hydroxide, Copper sulfate, Iprodione, Sulfur, Vinclozolin.

Table 8-3.-Agricultural chemical applications: Beans, snap (for processing), Michigan, 1996
[Planted acres in 1996 were 22,000 acres]
Agricultural chemical ¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
Bentazon	19	1.1	0.77	0.82	3.4
EPTC	57	1.0	2.50	2.50	31.2
Metolachlor	45	1.1	1.30	1.45	14.5
Trifluralin	33	1.0	0.53	0.53	3.9

Insecticides:
Acephate	61	1.7	0.76	1.29	17.3
Dimethoate	23	1.1	0.39	0.41	2.1
Disulfoton	27	1.2	0.95	1.15	6.8
Methyl parathion	27	2.3	0.38	0.89	5.2
¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Fluazifop-P-butyl, Glyphosate, Pendimethalin, Sethoxydim. Insecticides-Carbaryl, Chlorpyrifos, Esfenvalerate, Permethrin, Phorate. Fungicides-Chlorothalonil, Copper hydroxide, Copper sulfate, Iprodione, Sulfur, Vinclozolin.

Table 8-4.-Agricultural chemical applications: Carrots, Michigan, 1996

[Planted acres in 1996 were 7,700]

Agricultural
chemical ¹ Area
applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

    Fluazifop-P-butyl
62 1.3 0.11 0.14 0.7

    Linuron
74 1.9 0.62 1.15 6.6

Trifluralin
4 1.0 0.75 0.75 0.3

Insecticides:

    Carbaryl
14 2.9 0.77 2.20 2.3

    Esfenvalerate
18 2.8 0.03 0.08 0.1

    Malathion
15 3.2 1.23 3.96 4.6

Fungicides:

    Chlorothalonil
59 4.2 1.08 4.53 20.4

    Copper hydroxide
26 4.1 0.51 2.08 4.2

¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Glyphosate, Metribuzin.
    Insecticides-Cypermethrin, Diazinon, Endosulfan, Methomyl, Methyl parathion, Oxamyl, Permethrin.
    Fungicides-Maneb, Metalaxyl, Metiram.
    Other chemicals-Dichloropropene, Methyl isothiocyanate.

Table 8-5.-Agricultural chemical applications: Celery, Michigan, 1996

[Planted acres in 1996 were 2,500 acres]

Agricultural
chemical ¹ Area
applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

    Linuron
60 1.6 0.62 0.99 1.5

    Prometryn
75 2.0 1.03 2.04 3.8

    Sethoxydim
34 1.2 0.19 0.22 0.2

Insecticides:

    Acephate
48 2.1 0.83 1.77 2.1

    Azinphos-methyl
64 2.0 0.42 0.83 1.3

    Methomyl
80 2.7 0.51 1.36 2.7

    Methyl parathion
11 1.7 0.76 1.32 0.4

    Oxamyl
12 2.8 0.53 1.51 0.5

    Permethrin
61 3.3 0.11 0.37 0.6

Fungicides:

    Benomyl
26 1.8 0.19 0.34 0.2

    Chlorothalonil
88 5.5 1.01 5.58 12.3

    Copper hydroxide
67 4.1 0.44 1.80 3.0

    Propiconazole
40 2.6 0.11 0.28 0.3

¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Glyphosate, Metolachlor.
    Insecticides-Carbaryl, Diazinon, Endosulfan, Imidacloprid, Mevinphos, Naled.
    Fungicides-Anilazine, Copper oxide, Copper resinate, Copper sulfate, Mancozeb, Sulfur.

Table 8-6.-Agricultural chemical applications: Corn, sweet (for fresh market), Michigan, 1996

[Planted acres in 1996 were 12,500 acres]

Agricultural
chemical ¹ Area
applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

    2,4-D
2 1.0 0.44 0.44 0.1

    Alachlor
23 1.0 1.70 1.70 4.8

    Atrazine
59 1.0 1.18 1.24 9.1

    Bentazon
8 1.0 0.71 0.72 0.7

    Cyanazine
14 1.0 1.43 1.43 2.6

    Metolachlor
40 1.0 2.05 2.06 10.4

Insecticides:

    Carbaryl
7 2.2 1.13 2.45 2.1

    Carbofuran
11 1.7 0.84 1.41 1.9

Chlorpyrifos
12 1.0 1.31 1.31 2.0

    Esfenvalerate
14 2.2 0.04 0.09 0.2

Lambdacyhalothrin
12 2.7 0.03 0.07 0.1

    Methomyl
13 1.8 0.33 0.60 1.0

    Methyl parathion
22 1.9 0.66 1.22 3.4

    Permethrin
28 2.7 0.14 0.39 1.3

    Thiodicarb
16 2.4 0.58 1.38 2.7

¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Acetochlor, Bromoxynil, Butylate, Cyfluthrin, Dimethenamid, Glyphosate, Halosulfuron, Pendimethalin, Propachlor, Sethoxydim, Trifluralin.
    Insecticides-Azinphos-methyl, Diazinon, Endosulfan, Malathion, Petroleum distillate, Phorate, Phosmet, Phostebupirim, Tefluthrin, Terbufos.
    Fungicide-Chlorothalonil, Copper resinate, Mancozeb, Propiconazole.

Table 8-7.-Agricultural chemical applications: Cucumbers (for fresh market), Michigan, 1996

[Planted acres in 1996 were 5,700 acres]

Agricultural
chemical¹ Area
applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

    Bensulide
33 1.0 2.17 2.17 4.0

    Ethalfluralin
86 1.0 0.73 0.73 3.6

Insecticides:

    Carbaryl
2 1.6 0.72 1.17 0.1

    Endosulfan
17 5.2 0.52 2.70 2.6

Fungicides:

    Chlorothalonil
50 3.3 1.40 4.56 12.9

    Copper hydroxide
48 3.5 0.36 1.24 3.4

    Metalaxyl
55 1.1 0.20 0.21 0.7

¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Alachlor, Clomazone, DCPA, Glyphosate, Oxyfluorfen, Naptalam, Paraquat, Sethoxydim, Trifluralin.
    Insecticides-Acephate, Azinphos-methyl, Carbofuran, Diazinon, Dimethoate, Esfenvalerate, Methomyl, Oxydemeton-methyl, Permethrin, Phosmet,Rotenone.
    Fungicides-Basic copper sulfate, Benomyl, Copper ammonium, Copper oxychloride sulfate,Copper resinate,Mancozeb, Maneb, Triadimefon.

Table 8-8.-Agricultural chemical applications: Cucumbers (for processing), Michigan, 1996

[Planted acres in 1996 were 28,000 acres]

Agricultural
chemical ¹ Area
applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

Clomazone
21 1.0 0.20 0.21 1.2

    Ethalfluralin
62 1.0 0.77 0.77 13.4

    Naptalam
20 1.2 1.27 1.47 8.2

Insecticides:

    Carbofuran
23 1.0 0.84 0.87 5.5

Fungicides:

    Chlorothalonil
10 1.1 1.27 1.36 3.6

    Metalaxyl
34 1.2 0.18 0.21 2.0

¹Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Bensulide, Bentazon, Chloramben, Glyphosate, Sethoxydim.
    Insecticides-Azinphos-methyl, Carbaryl, Endosulfan, Esfenvalerate, Permethrin.
    Fungicides-Basic copper sulfate, Captan, Copper hydroxide, Copper oxychloride sulfate.

Table 8-9.-Agricultural chemical applications: Onions, bulb, Michigan, 1996

[Planted acres in 1996 were 6,200 acres]

Agricultural
chemical ¹ Area
applied Applications Rate per application Rate per
crop year Total
applied

Percent Number Pounds per acre Pounds per acre 1,000 pounds

Herbicides:

    Bromoxynil
48 1.2 0.16 0.19 0.6

    Fluazifop-P-butyl
83 1.7 0.11 0.18 0.9

    Metolachlor
17 1.5 2.00 3.06 3.2

    Oxyfluorfen
87 3.7 0.04 0.15 0.8

    Pendimethalin
81 2.8 1.56 4.44 22.3

Insecticides:

    Chlorpyrifos
33 1.2 1.75 2.02 4.2

    Cypermethrin
68 2.7 0.07 0.18 0.8

    Lambdacyhalothrin
45 2.3 0.03 0.06 0.2

    Methyl parathion
12 3.0 0.57 1.70 1.3

Fungicides:

    Chlorothalonil
70 2.9 1.20 3.49 15.1

    Iprodione
59 2.1 0.62 1.29 4.7

    Mancozeb
59 4.2 1.67 6.96 25.5

    Metalaxyl
65 2.1 0.18 0.37 1.5

¹Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals:
    Herbicides-Alachlor, Clethodim, Glyphosate, Paraquat, Propachlor, Sethoxydim, Trifluralin.
    Insecticides-Azinphos-methyl, Diazinon, Endosulfan, Esfenvalerate, Ethyl parathion, Malathion, Methomyl, Oxamyl, Permethrin, Petroleum     distillate,    Phosmet, Zeta-cypermethrin.
    Fungicides-Copper hydroxide, Maneb.

Common and associated trade names of agricultural chemicals
Common name	Trade name	Common name	Trade name
2,4-D	several	halosulfuron	Permit
acephate	Orthene	imidacloprid	Admire
acetochlor	Harness Plus, Surpass	iprodione	Rovral
alachlor	Lasso	lambdacyhalothrin	Karate
anilazine	Dyrene	linuron	Lorox, Linex
atrazine	Aatrex	malathion	several
azinphos-methyl	Guthion	mancozeb	several
basic copper sulfate	Cuproxat,Top Cop,Tri-	maneb	several
benomyl	Benlate	metalaxyl	Ridomil
bensulide	Prefar	methomyl	Lannate
bentazon	Basagran, Pledge	methyl isothiocyanate	Vorlex
bromoxynil	Buctril, Brominal	methyl parathion	several
butylate	Genate, Sutan	metiram	Polyram
captan	captan	metolachlor	Dual
carbaryl	Sevin, Savit	metribuzin	Sencor, Lexone
carbofuran	Furadan	mevinphos	Phosdrin, Duraphos
chloramben	Amiben	naled	Dibrom
chlorothalonil	Bravo	naptalam	Alanap
chlorpyrifos	Lorsban, Dursban	norflurazon	Solicam, Evital, Zorial
clethodim	Select	oxamyl	Vydate
clomazone	Command	oxydemeton-methyl	Metasystox-R
clopyralid	Reclaim, Stinger	oxyfluorfen	Goal
copper ammonium	Copper-Count-N	paraquat	Gramoxone, Cyclone
copper hydroxide	several	pendimethalin	Prowl
copper oxide	Nordox	permethrin	Ambush, Pounce
copper oxychloride	C-O-C-S	petroleum distillate	several
copper resinate	Tenn-Cop	phorate	Thimet
copper sulfate	copper sulfate	phosmet	Imidan
cyanazine	Bladex	phostebupirim	phostebupirim
cyfluthrin	Baythroid	prometryn	Caparol
cypermethrin	Ammo, Cymbush	propachlor	Ramrod
cytokinins	Triggrr, Burst, Promalin	propiconazole	Banner, Orbit, Tilt
DCPA	Dacthal	rotenone	rotenone
diazinon	several	sethoxydim	Poast
dichloropropene	Telone	simazine	Princep
dimethenamid	Acrobat	sulfur	several
dimethoate	several	tefluthrin	Force
disulfoton	Di-Syston	terbacil	Sinbar
diuron	Karmex, Direx	terbufos	Counter
endosulfan	Thiodan	thiodicarb	Larvin
EPTC	Eptam, Eradicane, Genep	thiophanate-methyl	Topsin
esfenvalerate	Asana	triadimefon	Bayleton
ethalfluralin	Sonalan, Curbit	trifluralin	Treflan, Trilin, Trific
ethyl parathion	several	vinclozolin	Ronilan
fluazifop-P-butyl	Fusilade	zeta-cypermethrin	Fury
glyphosate	Roundup, Rattler, Ranger

Table 8-4.-Agricultural chemical applications: Carrots, Michigan, 1996
[Planted acres in 1996 were 7,700]
Agricultural chemical ¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
Fluazifop-P-butyl	62	1.3	0.11	0.14	0.7
Linuron	74	1.9	0.62	1.15	6.6
Trifluralin	4	1.0	0.75	0.75	0.3

Insecticides:
Carbaryl	14	2.9	0.77	2.20	2.3
Esfenvalerate	18	2.8	0.03	0.08	0.1
Malathion	15	3.2	1.23	3.96	4.6

Fungicides:
Chlorothalonil	59	4.2	1.08	4.53	20.4
Copper hydroxide	26	4.1	0.51	2.08	4.2
¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Glyphosate, Metribuzin. Insecticides-Cypermethrin, Diazinon, Endosulfan, Methomyl, Methyl parathion, Oxamyl, Permethrin. Fungicides-Maneb, Metalaxyl, Metiram. Other chemicals-Dichloropropene, Methyl isothiocyanate.

Table 8-5.-Agricultural chemical applications: Celery, Michigan, 1996
[Planted acres in 1996 were 2,500 acres]
Agricultural chemical ¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
Linuron	60	1.6	0.62	0.99	1.5
Prometryn	75	2.0	1.03	2.04	3.8
Sethoxydim	34	1.2	0.19	0.22	0.2

Insecticides:
Acephate	48	2.1	0.83	1.77	2.1
Azinphos-methyl	64	2.0	0.42	0.83	1.3
Methomyl	80	2.7	0.51	1.36	2.7
Methyl parathion	11	1.7	0.76	1.32	0.4
Oxamyl	12	2.8	0.53	1.51	0.5
Permethrin	61	3.3	0.11	0.37	0.6

Fungicides:
Benomyl	26	1.8	0.19	0.34	0.2
Chlorothalonil	88	5.5	1.01	5.58	12.3
Copper hydroxide	67	4.1	0.44	1.80	3.0
Propiconazole	40	2.6	0.11	0.28	0.3
¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Glyphosate, Metolachlor. Insecticides-Carbaryl, Diazinon, Endosulfan, Imidacloprid, Mevinphos, Naled. Fungicides-Anilazine, Copper oxide, Copper resinate, Copper sulfate, Mancozeb, Sulfur.

Table 8-6.-Agricultural chemical applications: Corn, sweet (for fresh market), Michigan, 1996
[Planted acres in 1996 were 12,500 acres]
Agricultural chemical ¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
2,4-D	2	1.0	0.44	0.44	0.1
Alachlor	23	1.0	1.70	1.70	4.8
Atrazine	59	1.0	1.18	1.24	9.1
Bentazon	8	1.0	0.71	0.72	0.7
Cyanazine	14	1.0	1.43	1.43	2.6
Metolachlor	40	1.0	2.05	2.06	10.4

Insecticides:
Carbaryl	7	2.2	1.13	2.45	2.1
Carbofuran	11	1.7	0.84	1.41	1.9
Chlorpyrifos	12	1.0	1.31	1.31	2.0
Esfenvalerate	14	2.2	0.04	0.09	0.2
Lambdacyhalothrin	12	2.7	0.03	0.07	0.1
Methomyl	13	1.8	0.33	0.60	1.0
Methyl parathion	22	1.9	0.66	1.22	3.4
Permethrin	28	2.7	0.14	0.39	1.3
Thiodicarb	16	2.4	0.58	1.38	2.7
¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Acetochlor, Bromoxynil, Butylate, Cyfluthrin, Dimethenamid, Glyphosate, Halosulfuron, Pendimethalin, Propachlor, Sethoxydim, Trifluralin. Insecticides-Azinphos-methyl, Diazinon, Endosulfan, Malathion, Petroleum distillate, Phorate, Phosmet, Phostebupirim, Tefluthrin, Terbufos. Fungicide-Chlorothalonil, Copper resinate, Mancozeb, Propiconazole.

Table 8-7.-Agricultural chemical applications: Cucumbers (for fresh market), Michigan, 1996
[Planted acres in 1996 were 5,700 acres]
Agricultural chemical¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
Bensulide	33	1.0	2.17	2.17	4.0
Ethalfluralin	86	1.0	0.73	0.73	3.6

Insecticides:
Carbaryl	2	1.6	0.72	1.17	0.1
Endosulfan	17	5.2	0.52	2.70	2.6

Fungicides:
Chlorothalonil	50	3.3	1.40	4.56	12.9
Copper hydroxide	48	3.5	0.36	1.24	3.4
Metalaxyl	55	1.1	0.20	0.21	0.7
¹ Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Alachlor, Clomazone, DCPA, Glyphosate, Oxyfluorfen, Naptalam, Paraquat, Sethoxydim, Trifluralin. Insecticides-Acephate, Azinphos-methyl, Carbofuran, Diazinon, Dimethoate, Esfenvalerate, Methomyl, Oxydemeton-methyl, Permethrin, Phosmet,Rotenone. Fungicides-Basic copper sulfate, Benomyl, Copper ammonium, Copper oxychloride sulfate,Copper resinate,Mancozeb, Maneb, Triadimefon.

Table 8-8.-Agricultural chemical applications: Cucumbers (for processing), Michigan, 1996
[Planted acres in 1996 were 28,000 acres]
Agricultural chemical ¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
Clomazone	21	1.0	0.20	0.21	1.2
Ethalfluralin	62	1.0	0.77	0.77	13.4
Naptalam	20	1.2	1.27	1.47	8.2

Insecticides:
Carbofuran	23	1.0	0.84	0.87	5.5

Fungicides:
Chlorothalonil	10	1.1	1.27	1.36	3.6
Metalaxyl	34	1.2	0.18	0.21	2.0
¹Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Bensulide, Bentazon, Chloramben, Glyphosate, Sethoxydim. Insecticides-Azinphos-methyl, Carbaryl, Endosulfan, Esfenvalerate, Permethrin. Fungicides-Basic copper sulfate, Captan, Copper hydroxide, Copper oxychloride sulfate.

Table 8-9.-Agricultural chemical applications: Onions, bulb, Michigan, 1996
[Planted acres in 1996 were 6,200 acres]
Agricultural chemical ¹	Area applied	Applications	Rate per application	Rate per crop year	Total applied
	Percent	Number	Pounds per acre	Pounds per acre	1,000 pounds
Herbicides:
Bromoxynil	48	1.2	0.16	0.19	0.6
Fluazifop-P-butyl	83	1.7	0.11	0.18	0.9
Metolachlor	17	1.5	2.00	3.06	3.2
Oxyfluorfen	87	3.7	0.04	0.15	0.8
Pendimethalin	81	2.8	1.56	4.44	22.3

Insecticides:
Chlorpyrifos	33	1.2	1.75	2.02	4.2
Cypermethrin	68	2.7	0.07	0.18	0.8
Lambdacyhalothrin	45	2.3	0.03	0.06	0.2
Methyl parathion	12	3.0	0.57	1.70	1.3

Fungicides:
Chlorothalonil	70	2.9	1.20	3.49	15.1
Iprodione	59	2.1	0.62	1.29	4.7
Mancozeb	59	4.2	1.67	6.96	25.5
Metalaxyl	65	2.1	0.18	0.37	1.5
¹Insufficient reports to publish data for the following agricultural chemicals: Herbicides-Alachlor, Clethodim, Glyphosate, Paraquat, Propachlor, Sethoxydim, Trifluralin. Insecticides-Azinphos-methyl, Diazinon, Endosulfan, Esfenvalerate, Ethyl parathion, Malathion, Methomyl, Oxamyl, Permethrin, Petroleum distillate, Phosmet, Zeta-cypermethrin. Fungicides-Copper hydroxide, Maneb.