| Table 6.1 Field crops: Area, production, and value, Michigan (continued) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item and unit | Year | Area | Production | Price received 1 | Value of production | ||
| Planted | Harvested | Per acre | Total | ||||
|
1,000 acres |
1,000 acres |
1,000 | Dollars | 1,000 dollars | |||
| Oats, bushels | 1993 | 150 | 130 | 55 | 7,150 | 1.57 | 11,226 |
| 1994 | 140 | 110 | 57 | 6,270 | 1.44 | 9,029 | |
| 1995 | 110 | 90 | 57 | 5,130 | 1.90 | 9,747 | |
| 1996 | 70 | 60 | 60 | 3,600 | 2.41 | 8,676 | |
| 1997 | 100 | 90 | 61 | 5,490 | 1.85 | 10,157 | |
| Potatoes, cwt. | 1993 | 53.0 | 50.5 | 303 | 15,280 | 7.20 | 110,191 |
| 1994 | 54.0 | 52.0 | 270 | 14,040 | 6.70 | 93,893 | |
| 1995 | 55.0 | 54.5 | 300 | 16,350 | 6.90 | 112,815 | |
| 1996 | 52.0 | 46.0 | 300 | 13,800 | 5.80 | 80,040 | |
| 1997 | 48.0 | 47.5 | 300 | 14,250 | 6.60 | 94,050 | |
| Rye, bushels | 1993 | 80 | 15 | 28 | 420 | 2.21 | 928 |
| 1994 | 90 | 17 | 26 | 442 | 2.30 | 1,017 | |
| 1995 | 90 | 16 | 34 | 544 | 2.40 | 1,306 | |
| 1996 | 80 | 13 | 27 | 351 | 3.20 | 1,123 | |
| 1997 | 80 | 16 | 26 | 416 | 2.90 | 1,206 | |
| Soybeans, bushels | 1993 | 1,450 | 1,440 | 38.0 | 54,720 | 6.32 | 345,830 |
| 1994 | 1,550 | 1,540 | 37.0 | 56,980 | 5.43 | 309,401 | |
| 1995 | 1,500 | 1,490 | 40.0 | 59,600 | 6.52 | 388,592 | |
| 1996 | 1,650 | 1,640 | 28.5 | 46,740 | 7.15 | 334,191 | |
| 1997 | 1,900 | 1,890 | 38.5 | 72,765 | 6.55 | 476,611 | |
| Spearmint for oil, pounds | 1993 | -- | 2.8 | 32 | 90 | 14.00 | 1,260 |
| 1994 | -- | 2.7 | 29 | 78 | 11.50 | 897 | |
| 1995 | -- | 2.2 | 42 | 92 | 11.50 | 1,058 | |
| 1996 | -- | 1.3 | 21 | 27 | 12.20 | 329 | |
| 1997 | -- | 1.5 | 34 | 51 | 11.00 | 561 | |
| Sugarbeets, tons | 1993 | 189 | 187 | 17.0 | 3,179 | 35.80 | 113,808 |
| 1994 | 195 | 187 | 16.2 | 3,029 | 37.60 | 113,890 | |
| 1995 | 190 | 188 | 15.8 | 2,970 | 33.80 | 100,386 | |
| 1996 | 153 | 130 | 15.1 | 1,963 | 41.60 | 81,661 | |
| 1997 | 163 | 160 | 19.0 | 3,040 | (3) | (3) | |
| Wheat, winter, bushels | 1993 | 580 | 540 | 41 | 22,140 | 3.04 | 67,306 |
| 1994 | 600 | 580 | 53 | 30,740 | 3.25 | 99,905 | |
| 1995 | 630 | 620 | 60 | 37,200 | 4.10 | 152,520 | |
| 1996 | 700 | 630 | 38 | 23,940 | 3.91 | 93,605 | |
| 1997 | 550 | 540 | 62 | 33,480 | 3.30 | 110,484 | |
| 1 Marketing year average. | |||||||
| 2 Yield per acre in pounds. | |||||||
| 3 Not available at publication time. | |||||||
Michigan's 1997 total dry bean production was 5,033,000 hundredweight (cwt.) which represented 17 percent of the U.S. crop. Michigan ranks second in dry bean production for 1997 as North Dakota placed first with 6,890,000 (cwt.).
Michigan's ideal planting weather allowed growers to get the dry bean crop in with more long season varieties than the previous year. The crop fared well with variable rainfall through the summer growing season. Excessive rainfall on September 9 and 10 combined with cool conditions caused damage to the navy beans. Harvest started late but finished ahead of schedule with good weather at the end of September and the beginning of October. Yields for all dry beans averaged 1,650 pounds per acre, up 200 pounds from 1996.
Michigan continues to lead the country in Navy bean production accounting for 42 percent of the national total. Also, Michigan leads the nation in Black and Cranberry bean production. The fertile soils of the Bay-Thumb area and Saginaw Valley are particularly well suited for growing dry beans. Michigan dry beans are available worldwide and are especially popular in the United Kingdom and gaining popularity in Mexico. They are and will continue to be an important and valuable commodity to Michigan agriculture.
| Table 6.2 Beans, dry: Stocks in commercial elevators, Michigan | |||
| Year and month | Navy | All other | Total |
| 1,000 cwt. | |||
| December 31 | |||
| 1993 | 3,550 | 950 | 4,500 |
| 1994 | 2,150 | 1,075 | 3,225 |
| 1995 | 2,800 | 2,000 | 4,800 |
| 1996 | 3,400 | 1,550 | 4,950 |
| 1997 | 2,850 | 1,770 | 4,550 |
| August 31 | |||
| 1993 | 1,370 | 80 | 1,450 |
| 1994 | 830 | 120 | 950 |
| 1995 | 370 | 300 | 670 |
| 1996 | 1,400 | 700 | 2,100 |
| 1997 | 1,530 | 240 | 1,770 |
| Table 6.3 Beans, dry: Area, yield, and production, Michigan | |||||
| Class | Year |
Area planted |
Area harvested |
Yield per harvested acre |
Production |
| Acres | Acres | Pounds | 1,000 cwt. | ||
| Black | 1993 | 58,000 | 57,000 | 1,700 | 970 |
| 1994 | 78,000 | 75,000 | 1,320 | 990 | |
| 1995 | 89,000 | 88,000 | 1,930 | 1,700 | |
| 1996 | 60,000 | 57,000 | 1,650 | 940 | |
| 1997 | 80,000 | 78,000 | 1,790 | 1,400 | |
| Cranberries | 1993 | 35,500 | 32,000 | 1,660 | 530 |
| 1994 | 30,000 | 28,000 | 1,290 | 360 | |
| 1995 | 28,000 | 27,000 | 1,740 | 470 | |
| 1996 | 27,000 | 25,000 | 1,600 | 400 | |
| 1997 | 32,000 | 31,000 | 1,680 | 520 | |
| Navy | 1993 | 260,000 | 255,000 | 1,590 | 4,060 |
| 1994 | 230,000 | 210,000 | 1,310 | 2,750 | |
| 1995 | 220,000 | 218,000 | 1,810 | 3,950 | |
| 1996 | 210,000 | 200,000 | 1,400 | 2,800 | |
| 1997 | 150,000 | 145,000 | 1,600 | 2,320 | |
| Pinto | 1993 | 6,500 | 6,500 | 1,460 | 95 |
| 1994 | 5,000 | 5,000 | 1,200 | 60 | |
| 1995 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 1,750 | 70 | |
| 1996 | 9,000 | 8,000 | 1,500 | 120 | |
| 1997 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 1,700 | 170 | |
| Red kidney, dark | 1993 | 11,500 | 11,000 | 1,450 | 160 |
| 1994 | 21,000 | 18,000 | 1,280 | 230 | |
| 1995 | 16,000 | 15,000 | 1,400 | 210 | |
| 1996 | 11,000 | 9,000 | 1,110 | 100 | |
| 1997 | 12,000 | 11,500 | 1,300 | 150 | |
| Red kidney, light | 1993 | 13,000 | 13,000 | 1,380 | 180 |
| 1994 | 14,000 | 13,000 | 1,310 | 170 | |
| 1995 | 12,000 | 12,000 | 1,670 | 200 | |
| 1996 | 12,000 | 10,000 | 1,400 | 140 | |
| 1997 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 1,640 | 230 | |
| Small red | 1995 | 9,000 | 9,000 | 1,780 | 160 |
| 1996 | 3,000 | 3,000 | 1,170 | 35 | |
| 1997 | 10,000 | 9,000 | 1,670 | 150 | |
| Small white | 1993 | 1,500 | 1,500 | 1,330 | 20 |
| 1994 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 10 | |
| 1995 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,500 | 15 | |
| 1996 | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| 1997 | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| Others | 1993 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 1,630 | 65 |
| 1994 | 11,000 | 10,000 | 1,100 | 110 | |
| 1995 | 11,000 | 11,000 | 1,410 | 155 | |
| 1996 | 8,000 | 8,000 | 1,310 | 105 | |
| 1997 | 7,000 | 6,500 | 1,430 | 93 | |
| Total | 1993 | 390,000 | 380,000 | 1,600 | 6,080 |
| 1994 | 390,000 | 360,000 | 1,300 | 4,680 | |
| 1995 | 390,000 | 385,000 | 1,800 | 6,930 | |
| 1996 | 340,000 | 320,000 | 1,450 | 4,640 | |
| 1997 | 315,000 | 305,000 | 1,650 | 5,033 | |
Michigan had 2.6 million acres planted to corn in Michigan in 1997, down 50,000 acres from 1996. Grain corn production in Michigan was 263.2 million bushels, up 22 percent from 1996; 2.25 million acres were harvested for grain. The yield of 117 bushels per acre was up from 94 bushels the previous year. It tied the record high yield set in 1994. Farmers harvested 320,000 acres of corn for silage with an average yield of 14.5 tons per acre.
Corn planting progressed rapidly in late April and early May. It was slowed, however, by the cold, wet conditions of mid and late May. The record cold May temperatures stymied emergence and early growth. Development was behind normal throughout June and July. Moisture stress occurred in the southeast, but nowhere was drought the disastrous problem it was in 1996. Corn for grain harvesting began about mid-October, and was behind a normal schedule throughout the season. The high moisture content caused producers to delay harvest. Harvest ran 2-4 weeks behind normal; by mid-December only 93 percent of the crop was harvested.
The 1997 corn crop was valued at $671 million, up 17 percent from 1996. Corn continued to be Michigan's number one crop in acreage planted and value of production. The top five counties in corn production in 1997 were Huron, Lenawee, Tuscola, St. Joseph, and Gratiot.
| Table 6.4 Corn for grain: Stocks by quarter | ||||||||
|
Crop year |
December 1 | March 1 | June 1 | September 1 | ||||
|
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
|
| 1,000 bushels | ||||||||
| 1993 | 150,000 | 58,033 | 80,000 | 50,792 | 41,000 | 30,647 | 15,000 | 8,629 |
| 1994 | 160,000 | 64,361 | 105,000 | 51,276 | 60,000 | 31,484 | 21,000 | 11,016 |
| 1995 | 130,000 | 63,494 | 65,000 | 48,336 | 28,000 | 20,780 | 7,000 | 4,352 |
| 1996 | 125,000 | 49,882 | 65,000 | 36,842 | 36,000 | 16,748 | 11,000 | 5,445 |
| 1997 | 150,000 | 55,615 | 80,000 | 53,870 | 46,000 | 30,017 | ||
Michigan hay production was estimated at 3.8 million tons, down 10 percent from 1996. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures accounted for 81 percent of all dry hay produced. All hay harvested acres, at 1,250,000, were down 4 percent from the previous year. The average all hay yield was 3.01 tons per acre, down 0.21 tons from 1996. As with the previous year the crop suffered from a cool spring and late summer. First cutting was delayed due to record cold May temperatures and yields on subsequent cuttings were reduced because of the dry weather. Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures accounted for 900,000 acres of the total with a yield of 3.4 tons per acre. Other hay accounted for 350,000 acres with a yield of 2 tons per acre. Value of the hay crop was $378.5 million, down 15 percent from a year earlier.
| Table 6.5 Hay: Stocks on farms | ||
| Year | May 1 | December 1 |
| 1,000 tons | ||
| 1994 | 753 | 3,020 |
| 1995 | 1,074 | 3,166 |
| 1996 | 754 | 2,514 |
| 1997 | 460 | 2,000 |
| 1998 | 402 | |
Michigan maple syrup production was estimated at 55,000 gallons for the 1998 season, 20,000 gallons below the 1997 harvest. Overall, this was one of the poorest syrup years in history. The weather affected production over the entire state. "El Nino" caused sap to start flowing in southern Michigan in mid-February, more than two weeks earlier than last year. This flow then decreased due to insufficient temperature differential between night and day, and cooler freezing weather after the sap started to flow. The warm winter and early spring shortened the season. The average price received per gallon was $29.40 compared with $31.50 last year. Total value of production was estimated at $1.6 million, down 32 percent from last spring. Michigan ranked eighth in maple production in 1998, down from seventh last year, and produced about 5 percent of the total US production.
| Table 6.6 Maple syrup: Production and Price. | |||
| Year | Production |
Price received |
Value of production |
| Gallons | Dollars | 1,000 dollars | |
| 1994 | 85,000 | 29.30 | 2,491 |
| 1995 | 55,000 | 26.90 | 1,480 |
| 1996 | 88,000 | 31.10 | 2,737 |
| 1997 | 75,000 | 31.50 | 1,913 |
| 1998 | 55,000 | 29.40 | 1,617 |
Michigan's 1997 potato production increased 3 percent from 1996 to 14.25 million hundredweight (cwt.). The state's average yield was 300 cwt. per acre for the third straight year, unchanged since 1994's yield of 270 cwt. per acre. Planted acres were 48,000 and harvested acres were 47,500. Weather conditions during harvest were excellent leaving only 500 acres unharvested. Favorable conditions during the growing season resulted in some outstanding yields. Montcalm, St. Joseph, and Bay counties continued as the leading counties in potato acreage.
Michigan ranked 9th among states in potato production in 1997. Most Michigan potatoes are whites, which comprise 72 percent of planted acreage, followed by russets and reds which comprise 27 and 1 percent of planted acreage, respectively. Whites are sold for fresh table use or processed for potato chips while russets are used for french fries and other frozen products.
| Table 6.8 Potatoes: Stocks | ||||||
| Crop year | December 1 | January 1 | February 1 | March 1 | April 1 | May 1 |
| 1000 cwt. | ||||||
| 1993 | 7,300 | 5,800 | 4,400 | 3,100 | 1,800 | 700 |
| 1994 | 8,000 | 6,500 | 5,000 | 4,000 | 2,500 | 1,200 |
| 1995 | 9,600 | 8,300 | 6,500 | 4,800 | 2,700 | 1,200 |
| 1996 | 8,000 | 6,600 | 4,600 | 3,300 | 1,900 | 1,000 |
| 1997 | 8,500 | 7,000 | 5,500 | 4,200 | 2,600 | 1,200 |
| Table 6.9 Potatoes: Stocks by type, 1993-97 | |||||
| Type | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
| White | Percent of total stocks, December 1 | ||||
| 70 | 70 | 78 | 78 | 72 | |
| Russet | 30 | 30 | 20 | 19 | 27 |
| Red | -- | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Barley growers planted 26,000 acres in 1997 and harvested 24,000 acres compared with 28,000 acres planted and 25,000 acres harvested in 1996. Total production, 1.4 million bushels, was up 20 percent from the previous year. The average yield increased 25 percent to 60 bushels per acre from 1996. Excellent planting conditions allowed farmers to get Michigan's barley crop in on schedule. The crop had excellent growing conditions due to a cool spring and mild summer temperatures.
After a three-year decline oat acreage in Michigan rose in 1997. Growers planted 100,000 acres of oats in 1997 compared with 70,000 a year earlier. Harvested acres, at 90,000, rose 50 percent from last year's level, which was the lowest since records started in 1866. The 1997 oat production was 5.5 million bushels, up 53 percent from the previous year. Yields were up 1 bushel from 1996, at 61 bushels per acre. The crop benefited from an early planting and a mild summer. Sanilac county ranked first in oat production for 1997, while Huron and Alpena rank second and third, respectively.
Planted acres of rye totaled 80,000 in 1997, unchanged from 1996. In Michigan rye is primarily used as a winter cover crop so only 16,000 acres were harvested for grain. Rye production was estimated at 416,000 bushels, up 19 percent from a year earlier. Yield averaged 26 bushels per acre compared with 27 bushels per acre in 1996.
Michigan's 1997 winter wheat crop totaled 33.5 million bushels, up 40 percent from 1996. Planted acres were down 150,000 from the previous year to 550,000. Harvested acreage fell 90,000 from 1996 to 540,000. The average yield rose 63 percent to 62 bushels per acre, a record high. There was little winter damage. The cool spring minimized disease problems; moisture was adequate for heading. Harvest weather was excellent. The value of the crop increased 18 percent, as the increase in output more than offset the $.61 price drop to $3.30 per bushel. Sanilac, Huron, Lenawee, Monroe, and Saginaw were the top five counties in wheat production.
| Table 6.10 Small grains: Stocks by quarter | |||||||||
| [Includes interior mills, elevators, warehouses, cereal food processing plants, census merchant mills, terminal and C.C.C. bins] | |||||||||
| Item |
Crop year |
September 1 | December 1 | March 1 | June 1 | ||||
|
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
||
| 1,000 bushels | |||||||||
| Wheat | 1993 | 3,500 | 15,186 | 1,600 | 14,360 | 800 | 9,469 | 300 | 5,120 |
| 1994 | 3,500 | 20,506 | 1,500 | 17,803 | 800 | 13,554 | 500 | 6,556 | |
| 1995 | 1,800 | 23,892 | 1,300 | 16,380 | 700 | 10,869 | 300 | 4,531 | |
| 1996 | 2,300 | 12,963 | 1,300 | 9,952 | 800 | 9,108 | 400 | 5,235 | |
| 1997 | 2,700 | 18,750 | 1,900 | 16,005 | 1,200 | 11,035 | 500 | 6,223 | |
| Oats | 1993 | 3,500 | 2,606 | 3,000 | 2,476 | 2,200 | 1,671 | 1,200 | 1,128 |
| 1994 | 2,500 | 1,984 | 2,300 | 1,704 | 1,800 | 1,200 | 1,000 | 657 | |
| 1995 | 2,000 | 1,708 | 1,700 | 1,338 | 1,200 | 980 | 700 | 441 | |
| 1996 | 1,500 | 717 | 1,300 | 590 | 1,000 | 981 | 500 | 463 | |
| 1997 | 2,500 | 1,661 | 1,800 | 1,378 | (1) | -- | (1) | 1,095 | |
| Barley | 1993 | -- | 291 | -- | 156 | -- | 66 | -- | -- |
| 1994 | -- | 143 | -- | 115 | -- | 73 | -- | 32 | |
| 1995 | -- | 69 | -- | 25 | -- | 42 | -- | 26 | |
| 1996 | -- | -- | -- | 9 | -- | -- | -- | 31 | |
| 1997 | -- | 139 | -- | 128 | -- | -- | -- | 81 | |
| 1 On farm oat stocks not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. | |||||||||
| Table 6.11 Grain storage: Michigan | |||
| Year | Off farm |
On farm capacity |
|
| Facilities |
Rated capacity |
||
| Number | 1,000 bushels | 1,000 bushels | |
| 1993 | 300 | 147,000 | 260,000 |
| 1994 | 295 | 143,000 | 260,000 |
| 1995 | 293 | 146,000 | 250,000 |
| 1996 | 292 | 146,000 | 240,000 |
| 1997 | 289 | 146,000 | 250,000 |
Michigan soybean production totaled 72.8 million bushels, up 56 percent from 1996, setting a new record high. The yield was a 38.5 bushels per acre in 1997, up 10 bushels from 1996. Planted and harvested acres were both up 250,000 acres to 1.9 million and 1.89 million, respectively. Low temperatures and much rain slowed spring planting. Mid summer warmed allowing the crop to progress nicely. Early fall, the crop lagged behind normal with cooler weather. The late season brought more rain and harvest was extended due to slow dry down of the crop. The total crop value of $476.6 million, was an increase of 43 percent from 1996. Lenawee, Saginaw, and Sanilac were the top counties in soybean production, with Monroe and Gratiot rounding out the top five.
| Table 6.12 Soybeans: Stocks by quarter | ||||||||
|
Crop year |
December 1 | March 1 | June 1 | September 1 | ||||
|
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
On farm |
Off farm |
|
| 1,000 bushels | ||||||||
| 1993 | 12,000 | 15,984 | 8,500 | 9,227 | 3,500 | 4,911 | 850 | 945 |
| 1994 | 17,500 | 19,121 | 9,800 | 10,188 | 6,000 | 5,142 | 2,200 | 1,532 |
| 1995 | 14,000 | 18,888 | 10,000 | 9,836 | 3,300 | 4,489 | 900 | 1,186 |
| 1996 | 12,000 | 15,068 | 7,000 | 8,642 | 3,000 | 2,767 | 700 | 865 |
| 1997 | 19,000 | 20,931 | 12,000 | 10,646 | 4,000 | 4,677 | ||
Acres planted to sugarbeets in Michigan increased 7 percent in 1997, to 163,000 acres planted. Harvested acreage, at 160,000, increased 23 percent from the previous year. The crop benefitted from an early planting in April, cool May temperatures, timely rains and relatively cool temperatures during the growing season, and ideal harvesting conditions. Yields averaged 19.0 tons per acre compared with 15.1 tons per acre in 1996. The 1997 yield was the highest since 1990. Total tonnage increased 55 percent from 1996, to 3.04 million tons. Huron and Tuscola were the top sugarbeet producing counties for 1997.