USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2021 Crop Frequency Layers

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Research and Development Division (RDD), Geospatial Information Branch (GIB), Spatial Analysis Research Section (SARS)

Publication_Date: 20220214
Title:

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2021 Crop Frequency Layers

Edition: 2021 Edition
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

USDA, NASS Marketing and Information Services Office, Washington, D.C.

Publisher: USDA, NASS

Other_Citation_Details:

The data can be viewed and downloaded at CroplandCROS <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/> and CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/>. NASS maintains a Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) at <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/sarsfaqs2.php>.

Online_Linkage:

<https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/Release/>

Description:

Abstract:

The 2021 Crop Frequency Layers identify crop specific planting frequency for the Continental United States and are based on land cover information derived from the 2008 through 2021 USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layers (CDL). The Crop Frequency Layers are raster, geo-referenced data layers that have a ground resolution of 30 meters. There are currently four individual crop frequency data layers that represent four major crop types: corn, cotton, soybeans and wheat. See the 'Process_Description' Section for details on how this data layer was created.

For a more detailed description of the Crop Frequency Layer please refer to the following journal article: C.G. Boryan.; Z. Yang.; P. Willis, "US Geospatial Crop Frequency Data Layers," Proc. Of the Third International Conference on Agro-geoinformatics (Agro-geoinformatics 2014), August 11-14 2014, Beijing, China, DOI:10.1109/Agro-Geoinformatics.2014.6910657.

Purpose:

The purpose of the Crop Frequency Layer is to improve NASS Area Frame stratification and sub-stratification.

Status:

Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2021

Currentness_Reference: 20220214

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -127.8873
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.1585
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.9580
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.1496

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: farming, 001
Theme_Keyword: environment, 007
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, 010

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords
Theme_Keyword:

Earth Science > Biosphere > Terrestrial Ecosystems > Agricultural Lands

Theme_Keyword: Earth Science > Land Surface > Land Use/Land Cover > Land Cover

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: crop cover
Theme_Keyword: cropland
Theme_Keyword: agriculture
Theme_Keyword: farming
Theme_Keyword: land cover
Theme_Keyword: CroplandCROS
Theme_Keyword: CropScape

Place:

Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Alabama
Place_Keyword: Arizona
Place_Keyword: Arkansas
Place_Keyword: California
Place_Keyword: Colorado
Place_Keyword: Connecticut
Place_Keyword: Delaware
Place_Keyword: Florida
Place_Keyword: Georgia
Place_Keyword: Idaho
Place_Keyword: Illinois
Place_Keyword: Indiana
Place_Keyword: Iowa
Place_Keyword: Kansas
Place_Keyword: Kentucky
Place_Keyword: Louisiana
Place_Keyword: Maine
Place_Keyword: Maryland
Place_Keyword: Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Michigan
Place_Keyword: Minnesota
Place_Keyword: Mississippi
Place_Keyword: Missouri
Place_Keyword: Montana
Place_Keyword: Nebraska
Place_Keyword: Nevada
Place_Keyword: New Hampshire
Place_Keyword: New Jersey
Place_Keyword: New Mexico
Place_Keyword: New York
Place_Keyword: North Carolina
Place_Keyword: North Dakota
Place_Keyword: Ohio
Place_Keyword: Oklahoma
Place_Keyword: Oregon
Place_Keyword: Pennsylvania
Place_Keyword: Rhode Island
Place_Keyword: South Carolina
Place_Keyword: South Dakota
Place_Keyword: Tennessee
Place_Keyword: Texas
Place_Keyword: Utah
Place_Keyword: Vermont
Place_Keyword: Virginia
Place_Keyword: Washington
Place_Keyword: West Virginia
Place_Keyword: Wisconsin
Place_Keyword: Wyoming
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none
Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section staff

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Room 5029 South Building
City: Washington
State_or_Province: District of Columbia
Postal_Code: 20250-2001
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov

Data_Set_Credit: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Security_Information:

Security_Classification_System: None
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: None

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2021 Crop Frequency Layers for CORN, COTTON, SOYBEANS AND WHEAT
BASED ON THE 2008-2021 CROPLAND DATA LAYERS (14 YEARS OF DATA)
NATIONAL ACCURACY REPORTS


CORN
Cover                    Attribute    *Correct  Producer's  Omission             User's Commission   Cond'l
Type                          Code      Pixels    Accuracy     Error   Kappa   Accuracy      Error    Kappa
----                          ----    --------   ---------     -----   -----   --------    -------    -----
Planted 1 time in 14 years       1   1,762,560       82.0%     18.0%   0.813      76.3%      23.7%    0.754
Planted 2 times in 14 years      2   1,382,900       77.0%     23.0%   0.763      76.2%      23.8%    0.755
Planted 3 times in 14 years      3   1,391,670       72.1%     27.9%   0.712      74.9%      25.1%    0.741
Planted 4 times in 14 years      4   1,587,310       72.0%     28.0%   0.710      71.9%      28.1%    0.709
Planted 5 times in 14 years      5   2,081,780       74.1%     25.9%   0.728      73.2%      26.8%    0.719
Planted 6 times in 14 years      6   3,494,750       69.9%     30.1%   0.675      76.1%      23.9%    0.740
Planted 7 times in 14 years      7  16,202,800       92.1%      7.9%   0.889      91.1%       8.9%    0.876
Planted 8 times in 14 years      8   3,956,430       85.3%     14.7%   0.841      80.5%      19.5%    0.789
Planted 9 times in 14 years      9   2,628,620       88.1%     11.9%   0.875      85.9%      14.1%    0.852
Planted 10 times in 14 years    10   1,846,000       89.2%     10.8%   0.888      87.5%      12.5%    0.870
Planted 11 times in 14 years    11   1,244,140       89.3%     10.7%   0.891      88.3%      11.7%    0.880
Planted 12 times in 14 years    12     860,203       88.9%     11.1%   0.887      88.8%      11.2%    0.886
Planted 13 times in 14 years    13     640,866       90.2%      9.8%   0.901      88.1%      11.9%    0.879
Planted 14 times in 14 years    14     805,186       92.4%      7.6%   0.923      97.1%       2.9%    0.970

COTTON
Cover                    Attribute    *Correct  Producer's  Omission             User's Commission   Cond'l
Type                          Code      Pixels    Accuracy     Error   Kappa   Accuracy      Error    Kappa
----                          ----    --------   ---------     -----   -----   --------    -------    -----
Planted 1 time in 14 years       1     271,514       83.5%     16.5%   0.833      71.6%      28.4%    0.715
Planted 2 times in 14 years      2     171,318       80.9%     19.1%   0.809      76.5%      23.5%    0.764
Planted 3 times in 14 years      3     134,130       77.1%     22.9%   0.770      79.1%      20.9%    0.790
Planted 4 times in 14 years      4     101,213       76.6%     23.4%   0.766      76.3%      23.7%    0.763
Planted 5 times in 14 years      5      86,351       75.5%     24.5%   0.754      74.3%      25.7%    0.743
Planted 6 times in 14 years      6      73,759       73.3%     26.7%   0.733      75.3%      24.7%    0.753
Planted 7 times in 14 years      7      67,035       74.8%     25.2%   0.748      79.3%      20.7%    0.792
Planted 8 times in 14 years      8      42,022       72.7%     27.3%   0.727      72.4%      27.6%    0.724
Planted 9 times in 14 years      9      30,172       70.0%     30.0%   0.700      71.1%      28.9%    0.711
Planted 10 times in 14 years    10      27,458       72.7%     27.3%   0.727      73.7%      26.3%    0.736
Planted 11 times in 14 years    11      22,064       73.5%     26.5%   0.735      72.5%      27.5%    0.724
Planted 12 times in 14 years    12      16,587       70.0%     30.0%   0.699      72.7%      27.3%    0.727
Planted 13 times in 14 years    13      20,487       80.8%     19.2%   0.808      76.0%      24.0%    0.760
Planted 14 times in 14 years    14      36,026       87.1%     12.9%   0.871      95.7%       4.3%    0.957

SOYBEANS
Cover                    Attribute    *Correct  Producer's  Omission             User's Commission   Cond'l
Type                          Code      Pixels    Accuracy     Error   Kappa   Accuracy      Error    Kappa
----                          ----    --------   ---------     -----   -----   --------    -------    -----
Planted 1 time in 14 years       1   1,463,920       81.5%     18.5%   0.809      77.6%      22.4%    0.770
Planted 2 times in 14 years      2   1,460,860       80.6%     19.4%   0.800      81.0%      19.0%    0.804
Planted 3 times in 14 years      3   1,827,430       81.1%     18.9%   0.804      82.0%      18.0%    0.813
Planted 4 times in 14 years      4   2,468,770       81.8%     18.2%   0.809      82.6%      17.4%    0.817
Planted 5 times in 14 years      5   3,344,960       82.1%     17.9%   0.808      82.2%      17.8%    0.810
Planted 6 times in 14 years      6   5,220,870       76.2%     23.8%   0.734      80.7%      19.3%    0.783
Planted 7 times in 14 years      7  16,936,300       91.7%      8.3%   0.882      90.9%       9.1%    0.871
Planted 8 times in 14 years      8   2,494,080       77.4%     22.6%   0.761      73.3%      26.7%    0.718
Planted 9 times in 14 years      9   1,138,580       76.2%     23.8%   0.756      72.4%      27.6%    0.717
Planted 10 times in 14 years    10     593,193       73.2%     26.8%   0.728      69.5%      30.5%    0.690
Planted 11 times in 14 years    11     315,545       68.2%     31.8%   0.680      64.8%      35.2%    0.645
Planted 12 times in 14 years    12     228,979       65.8%     34.2%   0.657      65.0%      35.0%    0.648
Planted 13 times in 14 years    13     176,907       73.7%     26.3%   0.736      64.2%      35.8%    0.640
Planted 14 times in 14 years    14     203,383       83.6%     16.4%   0.836      78.0%      22.0%    0.780

WHEAT
Cover                    Attribute    *Correct  Producer's  Omission             User's Commission   Cond'l
Type                          Code      Pixels    Accuracy     Error   Kappa   Accuracy      Error    Kappa
----                          ----    --------   ---------     -----   -----   --------    -------    -----
Planted 1 time in 14 years       1   2,845,220       86.0%     14.0%   0.852      79.3%      20.7%    0.781
Planted 2 times in 14 years      2   1,736,030       77.4%     22.6%   0.766      79.6%      20.4%    0.789
Planted 3 times in 14 years      3   1,419,720       64.6%     35.4%   0.635      74.7%      25.3%    0.738
Planted 4 times in 14 years      4   1,418,520       62.4%     37.6%   0.610      65.4%      34.6%    0.640
Planted 5 times in 14 years      5   1,569,120       67.4%     32.6%   0.661      66.0%      34.0%    0.647
Planted 6 times in 14 years      6   1,346,260       65.0%     35.0%   0.638      63.6%      36.4%    0.623
Planted 7 times in 14 years      7   3,165,930       87.4%     12.6%   0.866      82.6%      17.4%    0.815
Planted 8 times in 14 years      8     726,214       71.4%     28.6%   0.709      68.0%      32.0%    0.674
Planted 9 times in 14 years      9     574,264       72.8%     27.2%   0.725      69.8%      30.2%    0.694
Planted 10 times in 14 years    10     409,111       71.1%     28.9%   0.709      67.2%      32.8%    0.669
Planted 11 times in 14 years    11     259,931       67.2%     32.8%   0.670      61.4%      38.6%    0.612
Planted 12 times in 14 years    12     208,841       57.4%     42.6%   0.571      60.7%      39.3%    0.604
Planted 13 times in 14 years    13     171,785       63.8%     36.2%   0.637      61.5%      38.5%    0.613
Planted 14 times in 14 years    14     319,536       86.7%     13.3%   0.866      67.6%      32.4%    0.674

*Correct Pixels represents the total number of independent validation pixels correctly identified in the error matrix.

Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:

Attribute_Accuracy_Value:

The Crop Frequency Layer is based on the Cropland Data Layer (CDL). The classification accuracy of the original CDLs is generally 85% to 95% correct for the major crop-specific land cover categories. See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the detailed accuracy report.

Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:

The accuracy assessment of the Crop Frequency Layers use the entire FSA CLU data (agricultural categories) that was used in the training and validation of the original Cropland Data Layers (CDL). Only FSA data that exists in all 14 years (2008-2021) is used for validating the Crop Frequency Layers. See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the full accuracy report.

These definitions of accuracy statistics were derived from the following book: Congalton, Russell G. and Kass Green. Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc. 1999. The 'Producer's Accuracy' is calculated for each cover type in the ground truth and indicates the probability that a ground truth pixel will be correctly mapped (across all cover types) and measures 'errors of omission'. An 'Omission Error' occurs when a pixel is excluded from the category to which it belongs in the validation dataset. The 'User's Accuracy' indicates the probability that a pixel from the CDL classification actually matches the ground truth data and measures 'errors of commission'. The 'Commission Error' represent when a pixel is included in an incorrect category according to the validation data. It is important to take into consideration errors of omission and commission. For example, if you classify every pixel in a scene to 'wheat', then you have 100% Producer's Accuracy for the wheat category and 0% Omission Error. However, you would also have a very high error of commission as all other crop types would be included in the incorrect category. The 'Kappa' is a measure of agreement based on the difference between the actual agreement in the error matrix (i.e., the agreement between the remotely sensed classification and the reference data as indicated by the major diagonal) and the chance agreement which is indicated by the row and column totals. The 'Conditional Kappa Coefficient' is the agreement for an individual category within the entire error matrix.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

The 2021 Crop Frequency Layer is based on the 2008-2021 Cropland Data Layers (CDLs). The CDL data are produced using training and independent validation data from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program (agricultural data) and the most recent version of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Land Cover Database (NLCD). More information about the FSA CLU Program can be found at <https://www.fsa.usda.gov/>. More information about the NLCD can be found at <https://www.mrlc.gov/>.

Completeness_Report: The data encompasses the Continental United States.
Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The Crop Frequency Layer is based on the 2008-2021 USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layers (CDL). The CDL retains the spatial attributes of the input imagery. Please check the metadata <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/metadata/meta.php> for the state/year you are interested in for a detailed list of what sensors were used in the production of the Cropland Data Layer.

The Landsat input imagery is obtained via download from the USGS Global Visualization Viewer (Glovis) website <https://glovis.usgs.gov/>. Please reference the metadata on the Glovis website for each Landsat scene for positional accuracy. The majority of the Landsat data is available at Level 1T (precision and terrain corrected).

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

United State Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

Title: Cropland Data Layer
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:

Publisher: USDA, NASS
Publication_Place: Washington D.C.

Publication_Date: 2021
Other_Citation_Details:

Visit CroplandCROS <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/>, CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/> or <https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/SARS1a.php> for more information.

The USDA, NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a raster, geo-referenced, crop-specific land cover data layer. The CDL is produced using satellite imagery from the Landsat 5 TM sensor, Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor, the Indian Remote Sensing RESOURCESAT-1 (IRS-P6) Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS), and the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) DEIMOS-1 and UK2 sensors collected during the current growing season. Some CDL states used additional satellite imagery and ancillary inputs to supplement and improve the classification. These additional sources can include the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Elevation Dataset (NED), the imperviousness and canopy data layers from the most current version of the USGS National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 meter 16 day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composites.

Agricultural training and validation data are derived from the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) Program. The NLCD is used as non-agricultural training and validation data.

The strength and emphasis of the CDL is agricultural land cover. Please note that no farmer reported data are derivable from the Cropland Data Layer.

Source_Scale_Denominator: 30 meter
Type_of_Source_Media: online download
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 2008
Ending_Date: 2021

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: CDL
Source_Contribution: Land cover information used to identify planting frequency

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

OVERVIEW: The 2021 Crop Frequency Layer is based on the 2008-2021 Cropland Data Layers (CDL). Currently, there are four separate data layers representing four major crop types: corn, cotton, soybeans and wheat. The list below shows the input CDL crop codes for each of the four crop types. In cases of double cropping, the crop is included in both crop type categories.

CROP_TYPE CDL_CODES

Corn           1,225,226,228,237,241
Cotton         2,232,238,239
Soybeans       5,26,239,240,241,254
Wheat          22,23,24,26,225,230,234,236,238

An Erdas Imagine Spatial Model is used to recode the original CDLs to represent only the crop of interest and then the individual years of crop-specific CDLs are added together to calculate a planting frequency count per pixel. The 2021 Crop Frequency Layers have the following attributes:

CODE   CLASS_NAME
0	Planted 0 times in 14 years
1	Planted 1 time in 14 years
2	Planted 2 times in 14 years
3	Planted 3 times in 14 years
4	Planted 4 times in 14 years
5	Planted 5 times in 14 years
6	Planted 6 times in 14 years
7	Planted 7 times in 14 years
8	Planted 8 times in 14 years
9	Planted 9 times in 14 years
10	Planted 10 times in 14 years
11	Planted 11 times in 14 years
12	Planted 12 times in 14 years
13	Planted 13 times in 14 years
14	Planted 14 times in 14 years
255     No Data/Background

For a more detailed description of the Crop Frequency Layer please reference refer to the following: C.G. Boryan.; Z. Yang.; P. Willis, "US Geospatial Crop Frequency Data Layers," Proc. Of the Third International Conference on Agro-geoinformatics (Agro-geoinformatics 2014), August 11-14 2014, Beijing, China, DOI:10.1109/Agro-Geoinformatics.2014.6910657.

ACCURACY: The accuracy assessment of the Crop Frequency Layers use the entire FSA CLU data (agricultural categories) that was used in the training and validation of the original 2008-2021 Cropland Data Layers (CDL). Only FSA data that exists in all 14 years is used for validating the Crop Frequency Layers. The Crop Frequency Layer validation is prepared using the same processing steps as described above. See the 'Attribute Accuracy Report' section of this metadata file for the full accuracy report.

PUBLIC RELEASE: The Crop Frequency Layer is considered public domain and free to redistribute. The data can also be viewed and downloaded at CroplandCROS <https://cropcros.azurewebsites.net/> and CropScape <https://nassgeodata.gmu.edu/CropScape/>. Please note that in no case are farmer reported data revealed or derivable from the public use Crop Frequency Layer or Cropland Data Layer.

Process_Date: 2021
Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section
Contact_Person: USDA, NASS, Spatial Analysis Research Section staff

Contact_Address:

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 800-727-9540
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 855-493-0447
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: SM.NASS.RDD.GIB@usda.gov

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2021 Crop Frequency Layers

Metadata: